Term
| What is genetic engineering? |
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Definition
| Biologists engineering a set of genetic changes into an organism's DNA. |
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Term
| What is the first step of DNA recombination? |
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Definition
| Splice out DNA fragment code for making desired product from another source. |
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Term
| What is used to cut DNA causing sticky ends? |
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Definition
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Term
| DNA fragments combine with bacterial DNA making a ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| DNA being inserted back into a bacterial cell is called what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of cells usually reproduce in DNA recombination? (plant, animal, bacteria)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the last step of DNA recombination? |
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Definition
| Extract new product from bacteria to be used by another source. |
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Term
| Which of the following is not a reason why scientists like bacteria: Reproduce quickly, perfect size, has plasmid, cheap, plentiful, nobody cares about them. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F. Other cell types can also be inserted with recombinant DNA (yeast, animal, plant) |
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Definition
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Term
| A patter of bands made of fragments of an individuals DNA is called.......? |
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Definition
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Term
| Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism(cut strands of DNA) is what? Hint: Acronym |
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Definition
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Term
| What does a gel electrophoresis box do? |
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Definition
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Term
| When DNA is placed in a well, the ______ pieces stay closer to the well and the _____ pieces move further away. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Polymerase Chain Reaction |
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Term
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Definition
| creates copies of DNA segments |
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Term
| What is a transgenic organism? |
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Definition
| Bacteria, plant, or animal that are genetically modified to produce a desired product |
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Term
| 4 ways bacteria are modified? |
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Definition
1.Given frost free so they don't freeze 2.Insect pesticide to kill insects 3.Breaks down oil 4.Suicide gene |
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Term
| Where are foreign genes placed into in the plants? |
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Definition
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Term
| Cotten, corn, and potatoes are resistant to? |
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Definition
| pest producing insect toxins |
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Term
| Soybeans are resistant to? |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ produces antibodies that can deliver _____ ________ to tumor cells. |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are the genes inserted into the animals? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the Bovine Growth Hormone do? |
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Definition
| Makes fish, cows, and pigs and sheep larger |
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Term
| Code for pharmaceuticals is ? |
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Definition
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Term
| How would someone know if animals had medicines/vaccines in them? |
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Definition
| Protein appears in animals milk |
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Term
| Which scientist figured out that the amount of the 4 bases of DNA varied from organism to organism, and that the amount of A=T and the amount of G=C in a species? |
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Definition
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Term
| These scientists used other scientist's sources to come up with a model of DNA. Learned that DNA is double helix, their model followed Chargaff's rule. |
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Definition
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Term
| This scientist studied DNA using x-rays. She found out that the helix shape can be seen of DNA through x-rays which led scientists to figure out the shape of DNA. She died from radiation. She is? |
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Definition
| Franklin(that's the last name) |
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Term
| All the genetic information of an individual or species is known as a ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| What were the 2 goals of the human genome project? |
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Definition
1. Figure out the base pairing(Mapping the sequence of base pairs) 2.Map the sequence of genes along the human chromosome |
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Term
| After __ years, scientists figure out the _____ pairs. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F. There is a huge difference between the sequence of our bases and other organisms. |
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Definition
| False, there is little difference |
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Term
| Why do humans look so different from a fly when out DNA is almost the same? |
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Definition
| Because different genes are turned on in us than the fly. |
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Term
| Why is DNA research still being continued?(3) |
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Definition
1.Help discover mutant genes for disease. 2.Develop medicines 3.Locate genes for gene therapy |
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Term
| What are the 2 criteria of stem cells? |
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Definition
1.Unspecialized 2.self renewing |
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Term
| What are the 2 types of stem cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of stem cell is being debated? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the purpose of stem cells? |
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Definition
| To take unspecialized cells and specialize them to make new body parts etc. |
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Term
| Pest resistant, herbicide tolerance, disease resistance, cold tolerance, drought/salinity, nutrition, and pharmaceuticals are all forms of.....? |
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Definition
| Genetically modified foods(plants) |
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Term
| Name some functions of a protein. |
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Definition
| Enzyme, antibody, blood, skin, tissue etc |
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Term
| Proteins can be broken down. Name the 3 conditions why a protein would be broken down. |
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Definition
1.Extreme temperatures 2.pH(acidic or basic) 3.Ionic solutions |
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Term
| T/F. After proteins are broken down, they can't be revived. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F. Organic molecule=Macromolecule=Large molecule |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 4 organic molecules in our body. |
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Definition
| Polysaccharide, nucleic acid, protein, lipid |
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Term
| Name 3 types of Polysaccharide. |
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Definition
1.Starch(sugar in plants)
2.Glycogen(sugar in animals
3.Chitin(exoskeleton) |
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Term
| Name the types of nucleic acids. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the types of Protein. |
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Definition
| Enzymes that act as catalysts |
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Term
| Name the 3 types of lipids. |
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Definition
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Term
| What makes up polysaccharides, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids? |
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Definition
1.monosaccharides
2.fatty acids and glycerol
3.amino acids
4.nucleotides |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Makes protein to break down specific substances |
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Term
| In gene inhibition, why aren't proteins being made? |
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Definition
| Beause the repressor is attached |
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Term
| Name the steps of gene activation. |
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Definition
1.Inducer attaches to repressor
2.Repressor falls off
3.RNA polymerase attaches and makes proteins |
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Term
| Gene activation continues until what happens? |
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Definition
| Until the inducer falls off the repressor, and then the repressor attaches back on. |
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Term
| What does the repressor do? |
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Definition
| Represses(stops) the producing of proteins. |
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