Term
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Definition
| creating genetically identical cells or organisms |
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Term
| what are Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO’s)? |
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Definition
| an organism that has acquired one or more genes by artificial means |
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Term
| what are the 3 steps to the basic process of gene therapy? |
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Definition
1) genes of virus must be removed (or at least part of them)
2) genes are replaced with corrective gene
3) insert “healthy copy” of gene into patient’s cells to compensate for the defective gene |
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Term
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Definition
| A treatment for a genetic disorder in which a patient ‘s defective gene is replaced with a corrected one |
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Term
| in regards to cell number, what is a challenge in gene therapy? |
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Definition
| it has to reach enough cells to make a difference |
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Term
| in regards to the immune system, what is a challenge in gene therapy? |
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Definition
| the immune system can kill the inserted genes |
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Term
| is gene therapy inexpensive? |
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Definition
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Term
| cancer is caused by what? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a tumor that is disruptive to tissues and organs which are necessary for survival of organism |
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Term
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Definition
| a tumor that is harmless and confined to one area |
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Term
| in what case can benign tumors be harmful and why? |
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Definition
- in the brain
- because it can create pressure |
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Term
| what does metastasize mean? |
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Definition
| ability of cancer cells to “travel” to other areas of the body and begin growing new tumors |
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Term
| what are the 2 paths that metastasis usually travels? |
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Definition
1) circulatory system
2) lymphatic system |
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Term
| what are the 2 classes of genes play major roles in triggering cancer? |
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Definition
1) proto-oncogenes
2) tumor suppressor genes |
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Term
| what do proto-oncogenes do? |
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Definition
| encourage cell growth in normal tissue |
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Term
| what do tumor suppressor genes do? |
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Definition
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Term
| why are proto-oncogenes a factor in triggering cancer? |
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Definition
| drive excessive multiplication of cells |
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Term
| what is the risk with tumor-suppressor genes? |
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Definition
| They can be deactivated by mutation, causing the inability to stop inappropriate growth |
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Term
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Definition
| any substance or factor causing a mutation which leads to cancer |
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Term
| what are examples of carcinogens? |
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Definition
- various chemicals
- radiation
- microbes (including viruses, bacteria, parasites, fungi) |
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Term
| what role does the p53 gene play in cancer? |
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Definition
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Term
| what 2 ways can the p53 gene work against cancer? |
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Definition
1. may turn the cell’s copying off until the cell can repair damage or mistake
2. may activate “cell suicide” |
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Term
| why is the p53 gene so important in the management of cancer? |
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Definition
| 52 different cancers have been associated with the gene |
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