Term
Transcript the following:
TAT GGG CCC ATA TTA CAA ATC |
|
Definition
| AUA CCC GGG UAU AAU GUU UAG |
|
|
Term
Translate the following:
AUA CCC GGG UAU AAU GUU UAG |
|
Definition
| start proline glyc tyro aspar valine stop |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Consists of G1, S, and G2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Involves cell growth and preparation of DNA replication |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| DNA synthesis occurs during this phase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Condensation of chromatin into chromosomes occurs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cell divides into two daughter cells containing diploid number of chromosomes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| DNA wound around histone complexes 1.8 times |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A chain of nucleosomes held close together by H1 like "beads-on-a-string" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chromatin regions undergoing gene expression that are more extended |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chromatin regions with genes that are "quiet" and are more condensed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The addition of these groups to histone tails alters the chromatin structure, creates separation, and increases accessibility for transcription factors and, therefore, gene expression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Adding these groups to histone tail make the chromatin region less accessible to transcription factors |
|
|
Term
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
a. During the S phase, the centrosome replicates just as the chromosome material is replicated.
b. Centrosomes are composed of one centriole.
c. Cytokinesis is a process of cytoplasmic cleavage that completes the M phase and results in the formation of two daughter cells.
d. The mechanism of the mitotic spindle is responsible for orderly separation of chromosomes. |
|
Definition
| B. Centrosomes are composed of TWO centrioles |
|
|
Term
The chemical, paclitaxel, binds to microtubules and causes disruption of the mitotic spindle. Which of the following cell types would be most affected by paclitaxel?
a. Bone marrow stem cells
b. Central nervous system neurons
c. Mature red blood cells
d. Outer layer of skin epithelial cells |
|
Definition
| A. Paclitaxel interferes with normal mitosis. To be affected by an antimitotic drug, a cell must either be capable of cell division or undergo relatively rapid cell division. Bone marrow stem cells are engaged in constant cell division to replenish the cells which originate from the bone marrow. |
|
|
Term
Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding human mitosis and meiosis?
a. Mitosis involves one cell division resulting in two cells with the diploid number of chromosomes
b. Meiosis is necessary to produce the gametes (i.e., egg and sperm), consisting of the haploid number of chromosomes.
18
c. Male and female germ cells begin the first meiotic division during fetal growth and complete the second cell division at sexual maturation.
d. In mitosis, all of the 46 chromosomes line up randomly at the mitotic plate whereas in meiosis, all 23 pairs of chromosomes are paired at the equator of the spindle. |
|
Definition
| C. Male germ cells begin meiotic activity at pubery. Female germ cells begin the first meiotic division during fetal growth and complete the second cell division when the egg is released from the avary, or ovulated, 10 to 50 years later. |
|
|
Term
| Occurs when the homologous chromosomes have lined up on the meiotic equator |
|
Definition
| Crossing over (genetic recombination) |
|
|
Term
| The breaking and rejoining of DNA strands to form new molecules of DNA encoding a novel set of genetic information |
|
Definition
| Crossing over (genetic recombination) |
|
|
Term
| Chromosome pairs of approximately the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern, with genes for the same characteristics at corresponding loci |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Any chromosome not considered as a sex chromosome, or is not involved in sex determination |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| There are 22 pairs of these chromosomes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Referred to as a reductional division |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The end result is production of four haploid cells (23 chromosomes) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At the end of this division, each daughter cell now has half the number of chromosomes but each chromosome consists of a pair of chromatids |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Can produce a mosaic individual |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Occurs in humans in the form of triploidy (69 chromosomes) or tetraploidy (92 )chromosomes) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Aneuploid is the result of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Two non-homologous chromosomes break and exchange fragments with no loss or gain in genetic material |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A zygote having trisomy is the result of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Following this event, meiosis can produce gametes with a “balanced” genetic make-up or an “unbalanced” genetic combination, the later resulting in gametes with duplication and deletion of genetic material |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Results in the production of gametes having a single or extra chromosome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This event can occurs during the initial stage of meiosis, when the homologous chromosomes have lined up on the meiotic equator and results in duplication of a gene (s) on one homologous pair and a deletion of the same gene (s) on the other |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A zygote having monosomy is the result of? |
|
Definition
|
|
