Term
Gram positive cocci (strep, enterococcus)
Gram negative cocci (N. meningitidis)
Gram + bacilli (B. anthracis, Listeria, C. perfringens, C. tetani)
G- bacilli (Pasteurella, Fusobacterium, Streptobacillus)
Spirochetes:
Weils disease (Leptospira), Syphilis
Other: Actinomyces (actinomyces israelii) |
|
Definition
| Penicillin G - Standard Penicillin |
|
|
Term
minor infections (Streptococcus pyogenes, pneumococci)
oral pharyngeal infections, (pharyngtitis, tonsillitis, scarlet fever, URTIs, otitis media, sinusitis, skin and soft tissue infections |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Upper repsiratory tract infections and otitis media due to susceptible streptococci and pneumococci |
|
Definition
| Benzathine penicillin G - Depot Penicillin |
|
|
Term
| serious systemic staphylococcal infections (bacteremia, endocarditis, meningitis, RTIs, skin and soft tissue, bone and joint infections, UTIS) |
|
Definition
| Oxacillin or nafcillin both by IV |
|
|
Term
Adds HEMPSS (H. flu, E. Coli, Moraxella catarrhalis, salmonella, shigella)
Used to treat UTIs, otitis media, sinusitis, bronhitis, pneumonia
Also vs UTIs and bacterial cystitis (E. Coli, Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcus) |
|
Definition
| Aminopenicillins - Extended Spectrum Penicillins |
|
|
Term
| Indicated for H. pylori, Pasteurella, Borrelia burgdorferi, surgical pretreatment of atypical heart valves oral surgery |
|
Definition
| Amoxicillin - Extended Spectrum |
|
|
Term
| Indicated for tonsillitis and pharyngitis due to Streptococcus pyogenes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
DOC for Listeria.
Also indicated: Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter fetus |
|
Definition
| Ampicillin - Extended Spectrum |
|
|
Term
| combined w/ B lactamase inhibitor effective vs these penicillase producing orgnaisms: E. coli, Haemophilus influenz, Moraxella catarrhalis, Pasteurella |
|
Definition
| Extended Spectrum Penicillins |
|
|
Term
Exhibits activity vs. several gram negative bacilli (including Bacteroides) but is inactive vs. Klebsiella, since it produces constitutive penicillinase.
Must combine with clavuulanic acid for E.coli/Klebsiella (RTIs, intra-abdominal, bacteremia, UTIs) |
|
Definition
| Ticarcillin - Antipseudomonal penicillin |
|
|
Term
Active vs several gram negative orgnaisms (Klebsiella pneumo, Enterobacter, Serratia, Citrobacter, Bacteroides)
needs tazobactam to include E. Coli |
|
Definition
| Piperacillin - Antispeudomonal penicillin |
|
|
Term
| Synergistic effect with penicillins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Well absorbed. Therefore ineffective vs. shigella/salmonella |
|
Definition
| Amoxicillin - Extended Spectrum |
|
|
Term
| Food reduces absorption of most orally administered penicillins except for |
|
Definition
| Amoxicillin - Extended spectrum |
|
|
Term
| Only drug in family that is eliminated soley through billiary route |
|
Definition
| Nafcillin - Antistaphylococcal pen. |
|
|
Term
| Eliminated through both renal and biliary routes |
|
Definition
| Oxacillin/Dicloxacillin - Antistaphylococcal pen. |
|
|
Term
| Increased resistance to B-lactamases over penicillins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
active vs.
G+ cocci (staph, strep)
G+ bacilli
staph skin infections, osteomyelitis, endocarditis
pneumococcal pneumonia
all active vs. Proteus, E. coli, Klebsiella |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Used in treatment of gonococcal disease and bacterial meningitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Active vs. Haemophilus, Moraxella, Neisseria, Salmonella, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Serratia, Citrobactger, Bacteriodes fragilis |
|
Definition
| Cephalosporins - Extended spectrum activity |
|
|
Term
| Inactive vs. MRSA, Listeria monocytogenes, C. diff, enterococci |
|
Definition
| Cephalosporins - 1st - 4th |
|
|
Term
| active vs. MRSA, VRSA, VISA, Enterococcus faecalis |
|
Definition
| Ceftaroline fosamil - Cephalosporin 5th |
|
|
Term
Very active vs. gram positive cocci (resistant to staph penicillinase)
G+ occi: RTIs (pharyngitis, tonsillitis, pneumonia), bone infections, skin and soft tissue, otitis media |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Can treat UTIs and acute prostatitis due to Proteus mirabilis, E coli, Kelbsiella pneumoniae
also pneumonia due to Kelbsiella |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Alternative to antistaphylococcal penicillins in penicillin allergic patients (susceptible bacterial endocarditis) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Increased activity vs H. flu, Moraxella catarrhalis
Less activity vs. Gram positive |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Broad spectrum: aerobic and anaerobic gram negative and gram positive
Kills most clinically important bacteria. Even anaerobic like Bacteroides fragilis. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Excellent for bacterial meningitis when organism is not yet known and patietn has allergies to penicillins/cephalosporins.
excellent activity vs. Haemophilus flu, Neisseria meningitdis, Bacteroides. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Wide spectrum: G-/G+ ; aerobic /anerobic
but NOT ACTIVE VS Chlamydia (except for chlamydia psittaci) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Active vs. Ricketssai (rocky mountain spotted fever)
for example if young children or pregnant women cant be treated w/ tetracycline |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Active vs. only gram positive
+ anaerobes (gram pos and negative) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Primary use is treatment of infections due to anaerobic bacteria (Bacteroides fragilis), freq. assoc. w/ abdominal infections due to trauma.
*one of rare antibotics that covers anaerobes including Bacteroides fragilis) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| exhibits good activity vs. certain protozoal infections such as Pneumocystis jiroveci, Toxoplasma gondii, and Babesia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
topical antibacterial ointment available as cream, intranasal ointment, ointment. bactericidal vs primary prgam positive infections including MRSA.
unique mechanism of inhibiting bac protein synthesis (isoleucyl transfer RNA synthetase) *no x resistance |
|
Definition
| Mupirocin (bactroban, Centany) |
|
|
Term
| primarily indicated for treatment of secondarily infected traumatic skin lesions and impetigo due to susceptible gram positive cocci |
|
Definition
| Mupirocin (bactroban, Cetany) |
|
|
Term
Active vs. many gram positive and gram negative organisms.
exclusively employed as optional treatment for gonorrhea. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
bacterioSTATIC vs many gram positive and gram negative organisms.
-UTIs
-toxoplasmosis
-IBD
-burn sepsis
-inclusion conjunctivitis
-trachoma
-pneumonia
-nocardiosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sulfadiazine + Pyrimethamine |
|
|
Term
poorly absorbed from GI tract
degraded by intestinal bacteria to sulfapyridine and 5 aminosalicylate for managementof IBD
also ulcerative colitis, granulomatous colitis, regional enteritis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Topically for ocular infections
topically for acne and susceptible bacterial skin infections |
|
Definition
| Sulfacetamide (Bleph-10, Ovace) |
|
|
Term
| Topically for preventing burn infections |
|
Definition
| Silver sulfadiazine (silvadene) |
|
|
Term
comparable to spectrum of sulfamethoxazole (20-50x more potent)
UTIs, Bacterial prostatitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Staph aureus, Staph epidermidis
Staph viridans, Strep pnuemo
Haemophilus influenze
Psuedomonas aeruginosa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
boader antimicrobial spectrum then the sulfonamides
RTIs (s. pneumo, HiB, moraxella)
-first line agent ofr otitis, sinusitis, pneumonia due to HiB/Moraxella catarrhalis
-GI (Salmonella , Shigella)
First line: enterobacter
UTI infections (E. Coli, Proteus, Enterobacter, Klebsiella)
Prostate infections
Lymphogranuloma venereum due to Chlamydia trachomatis
Brucellosis
Cholera
Granuloma inguinale (Calymmatobacterium)
Legionella pneumonia
Listeria infections (meningitis, bacteremia)
First line: chancroid due to Haemophilus ducreyi
DOC Nocardia (pulmonary lesions)
DOC Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumoia) |
|
Definition
| SMX-TMP (Bactrim, Sulfatrim) |
|
|
