Term
| What is made in the nucleolus |
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Definition
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Term
| The RER is the primary site for what two things. |
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Definition
| membrane and secretory protein production, protein modification |
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Term
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Definition
| fatty acid and phospholipid production, detox |
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Term
| human ribosome consist of |
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Definition
| 40s and 60s subunits (E site hols empty tRNA as it exits, P site acomidates growing peptide, A site holds the incoming Aminoacyl tRNA |
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Term
| 6 FUNCTIONS of the golgi apperatus |
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Definition
1 distribute proteins and lipids
2. Modyfy N-oligosaccharides on aspargines
3. Add O-oligosaccarides to serine and threonine residues
4. Assembling proteoglycans from core proteins
5. Sulfating sugars in proteoglycans and tyrosine residues on proteins
6. Adding mannose -6-phosphate to specific proteins and sending them to the lysosomes |
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Term
| I-cell disease= type II mucolipidosis is due to and appears like |
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Definition
| failed modification of lysosomal proteins and instead they are secreted from the cell, decresing disposal intracellular waste, coarse facial features and restricted joint movement. |
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Term
| Lysosomal enzymes are active below what PH. And they maintain this ph via |
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Definition
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Term
| whats is the primary site of ATP production in aerobic exercise? |
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Definition
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Term
| The inner mitochondrial membrane contains many and is the site for |
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Definition
| Cristae...... electron transport chain via elctron transport carriers I-IV and ATP synthase |
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Term
| Microtubules are made of ? and are incoporated into? |
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Definition
| alpha and beta tubulin bound by two guanosine triphosphate molecules...... form flagella and cilia |
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Term
| the structure of a cilia is ? |
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Definition
| 9 doublets of microtubules around the outside each linked by ATPase via dynein |
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Term
| Chediak-Higashi disease is due to |
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Definition
| abnormal microtubule assembly leading to decrease PMN phagocytosis and frequent infections |
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Term
| 7 drugs that act on microtubles and their function |
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Definition
1. Mebendazole/2. thiabendazole = parasites
3. Taxol= breast cancer
4.Griseofulvin= fungus
5. Vincristine /6. vinblastine: cancer
7. Colchicine: gout |
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Term
| kartenger syndrome is due to |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| respiratory secretions that are too thick to be cleared via ciliary motion |
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Term
| The 5 types of cellular junctions on down and their functions |
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Definition
1. Zona Occludens (tight): determine cellular polarity and regulate paracellular transport
2.Zona Adherens (intermediate): periodically in a belt like distribution. inside the cell it is actin filaments. Outside the cellE-cadherins use CA depentdent adhesion proteins to span wider spaces then ZO.
3. Macula Adherend (desmosomes): spot welds; single rivets randomly spaced on epitheliail apical surface. Intracellulary = kertin gives strength +cadherins
4. Gap junctions ( communicating): 6 connexin proteins form a connexon which is a hllow cylinder spaning plsma membrane binds connexins other cells forming gap junctions,,,,, Allow for coupling of cardiac monocytes--> rapid depolarizing and cordinating contractions.
5. Hemidesmosomes: Connect to Basal Lamina and contains laminin 5 achor |
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Term
| Adenocarcinomas spread via |
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Definition
| loss of their epithelial cell junction--> infiltration and mets |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Erythrocytes make up what percent of the blood volume and this is known as |
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Definition
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Term
| Erythrocytes can be seperated from Luekocytes and platelet (buffy coat) layer via |
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Definition
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Term
| Hematopoesis occurs in from a pluripotent stem cell and are capable of ? |
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Definition
| the bone marrow, self renewal and differentiation into myeloid and lymphoid cells (commited) |
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Term
| Myeloid lineage produces 5 colony forming cells |
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Definition
1.erythroid (erythrocytes)
2. megakaryocytes (platelets
3.basophil
4. Eosinophil
5. granulocyte macrophage ( monocytes and neutrophils |
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Term
| lymphoid lineage produces |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| nonnucleated biconcave disks for gas exchange, no organelles but glycolytic enzymes to survive via anerobic respiration and hexosemonophosphate shunt |
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Term
| Reticulocytes are differentiated by |
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Definition
| nucleus and larger diameter |
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Term
| Erthrocyte metabolism is via |
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Definition
| glucose brought in by GLUTI 1 transporter, glycolytic enzymes--> ATP/ lactic acid |
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Term
| 5 types of red cell cytoskeleton abnomalities |
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Definition
1. heredity spherocytosis
2. eliptocytosis
3. hemoglobinopathies = thalasemias, SS |
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Term
| Reticulocyte count increae when |
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Definition
| BM increase production to replenish RBC count in hemolysis or bleed |
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