Term
| what are the 6 determinates of gait? |
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Definition
-vertical oscillation
-horizontal oscillation
-width of walking base
-knee flexion during stance
-acceleration and deceleration of leg (shank)-140 ft/sec
-pelvic dip=5 degrees from horizontal |
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Term
| where does the weight line fall? |
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Definition
-slightly posterior to hip
-anterior to knee
-anterior to ankle |
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Term
| where must the weight line pass (be) for stability? |
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Definition
| weight line must pass through the center of rotation |
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Term
| what moments are caused by weight line anterior to the joint (knee and ankle)? |
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Definition
knee=extension moment
ankle=dorsiflexion moment |
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Term
| why is there more space on the medial sides of joints in lower extremity orthosis? |
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Definition
| due to the valgus moments of the knee and ankle created by GRF beinf lateral to the knee and ankle in the coronal plane |
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Term
| what effects do varus and valgus moments have in subtalar joint? |
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Definition
-external rotation-"locks" the foot up
-internal rotation- foot becomes flexible, pronation |
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Term
| what are the 3 critical points to know the position of the GRF line in gait? |
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Definition
-heel strike
-mid stance
-toe off |
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Term
what is the percentage of time spent in each phase of gait:
-stance
-swing
-double support |
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Definition
stance=60%
swing=40%
double support=20% |
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Term
| what are the major muscle groups thtat are the most active around the knee and ankle from heel strike to loading response? |
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Definition
knee=quadriceps
ankle= dorsiflexors |
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Term
| What are two possible reasons for an anterior trunk lean in ambulation? |
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Definition
| knee extensor paralysis, hip extensor paraplysis |
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Term
| what are the three components of subtalar pronation, in the order of the greatest motion first? |
|
Definition
1.ankle dorsiflexion
2.hind foot valgus
3.forefoot abduction |
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Term
| normal ROM at the ankle joint for dorsiflexion is ______ and ______ for plantarflexion. Functional ROM at the ankle joint for dorsiflexion is _____ and ______ for plantarflexion |
|
Definition
-20 degrees dorsi
-50 degrees plantar
-10 degrees dorsi
-20 degrees plantar |
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Term
| peak activity of the plantarflexors during normal gait occurs in which phase of the gait cycle? |
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Definition
| peak activity at heel off |
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Term
| What is the functional range needed for inversion/eversion at the subtalar joint during normal ambulation? |
|
Definition
-5 degrees of inversion, 5 degrees of eversion
--normal ROM of subtalar joint is 10 degrees of eversion and 20 degrees of inversion |
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Term
| What are two possible reasons for a lateral (coronal) lean during ambulation? |
|
Definition
1. hip abductor paralysis
2. leg length discrepancy |
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Term
| what are 5 possible reasons (causes not effects) of pes planus? |
|
Definition
1.tibialis posterior weakness
2.forefoot varus
3.tight achilles tendon
4.genu valgum
5.vertical talus
6.excessive first ray mobility |
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Term
| Where does the greatest amount of dorsiflexion occur during the normal gait cycle? What is the degree value? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 4 reasons that a person may present with equines of the foot? |
|
Definition
1.CVA
2.dorsiflexor paralysis
3.leg length discrepancy
4.genu recurvatum |
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|
Term
| What are 4 reasons that a person may present with equines of the foot? |
|
Definition
1.CVA
2.dorsiflexor paralysis
3.leg length discrepancy
4.genu recurvatum |
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Term
| What is the function of the tibialis posterior during early stance phase? |
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Definition
| major muscle supporting the mid tarsal joint preventing mid-tarsal collapse. eccentric contraction controlled mid-foot pronation |
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Term
| what may be a sign of dorsiflexor weakness? |
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Definition
| would cause increased inversion, you may see increased lateral loading of the foot |
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Term
| what does a dorsiflexion assist accomplish? |
|
Definition
-provides controlled foot flat
-assists swing phase toe clearence |
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|
Term
| what are some possible causes of plantarflexor spasticity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does a plantarflexion stop help accomplish? |
|
Definition
| -creates a knee flexion moment |
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|
Term
| what are the muscles in the dorsiflexor group? |
|
Definition
=Anterior compartment of leg
-tibialis anterior muscle
-extensor hallucis longus muscle
-extensor digitorum longus muscle
-peroneus tertius |
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|
Term
| what are the muscles in the plantarflexor group? |
|
Definition
=Posterior compartment of leg
o superficial
-gastrocnemius
-soleus
-plantaris (only weak participation)
o deep
-flexor hallucis longus
-flexor digitorum longus
-tibialis posterior
* Lateral compartment of leg (only weak participation)
-peronaeus longus
-peronaeus brevis |
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Term
| what joints form the subtalar joint? |
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Definition
| the talocalcaneal or talocalcaneonavicular joints |
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Term
| a Trendelenburg sign is due to weakenss of what muscles? |
|
Definition
| found in people with weak or paralyzed abductor muscles of the hip, namely gluteus medius and minimus |
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Term
| what does a positive trendelenburg sign show? |
|
Definition
-The Trendelenburg sign is said to be positive if, when standing on one leg, the pelvis drops on the side opposite to the stance leg
-weakness is present on the side of the stance leg |
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Term
| what are the grades of vertebral rotation in scoliosis? |
|
Definition
- Grade I pedicle is dissappearing
- Grade II pedicle dissappears
- Grade III Pedicle of the opposite side moves to midline
- Grade IV Pedicle of the opposite side moves past the midline |
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Term
| what is Dupuytren's contracture? |
|
Definition
-a fixed flexion contracture of the hand where the fingers bend towards the palm and cannot be fully extended
-most commonly involves the palmar aponeurosis |
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