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| A relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience |
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| Learning that certain events occur together. |
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| Any situation or event that evokes a response |
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| A type of learning in which we learn to link to or more stimuli and to anticipate events |
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| In classical conditioning, the unlearned, naturally occuring response to the unconditioned stimulus |
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| In classical conditioning, a stimulus that automatically triggers a response |
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| In classical conditioning, the learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus |
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| In classical conditioning, an originally irrelevant stimulus that, after associated with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response |
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| In classical conditioning, the initial stage, when we link a neural stimulus and a unconditioned stimulus so that the neural stimulus begins triggering the conditioned response |
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| In classical conditioning, the weakening of a conditioned response when an unconditioned stimulus does not follow a conditioned stimulus |
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| The reappearance, after a pause, of an extinguished conditioned response |
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| in classical conditioning, the tendency, after conditioning to respond similarly to stimuli that resemble the conditioned stimulus |
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| In classical conditioning, the learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and other irrelevant stimuli |
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| The view that psychology (1) should be an objective science (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes |
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| Behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus |
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| A type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punishment |
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| Behavior that operates of the environment, producing consequences |
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| A box with an attached recording box to trach the rate at which an animal presses the box's bar to obtain a reinforcer |
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| Any event that strengthens the behavior it follows |
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| A procedure in which reinforcers guide actions closer and closer toward a desired behavior |
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| Increases behavior by presenting positive stimuli, such as food |
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| Increases behavior by stopping negative stimuli |
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| A event that is innately reinforcing, often by satisfying a biological need |
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| A event that gains it reinforcing power through its link with a primary reinforcer |
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| A pattern the defines how often a desired response will be reinforced |
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| reinforcing a desired response every time it occurs |
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| Reinforcing a response only part of the time |
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| An event that decreases the behavior it follows |
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| A mental image of the layout of one's environment |
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| Learning that is not apparent until after there is a incentive to demonstrate it |
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| The desire to perform a behavior for its own sake |
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| The desire to perform a behavior to gain a reward or avoid punishment |
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| Learning by observing others |
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| The process of observing and imitating a specific behavior |
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| Neurons that fire when we perform certain actions or observe others doing so |
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| Positive, constructive, helpful behavior. |
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| The persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information |
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| The processing of information into the memory system |
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| The retention of encoded information over time |
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| The process of getting a memory out of storage |
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| The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system |
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| Activated memory that holds a few items briefly |
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| a newer understanding of short-term memory that involves conscious, active processing of incoming information, and of information retrieved from long term memory |
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| The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system |
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| Unconscious encoding of everyday information |
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| Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort |
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| The tendency for distributed study or practice to yeild better long term retention than is achieved through cramming |
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| The tendency to recall best the first and last items on a list |
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| Mental pictures, a powerful aid to effortful processing, especially when combined with encoding |
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| an increase to a synapse's firing potential. |
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| A clear memory of an emotionally significant event or moment |
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| Retaining learned skills or conditioning, often without conscious awareness |
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| Memories of facts and personal events that you can consciously retrieve |
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| Memory demonstrated by retrieving information learned earlier, like on a fill-in-the-blank test |
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| Memory demonstrated by identifying items previously learned, like on a multiple choice test |
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| Memory demonstrated by time saved when learning material for a second time |
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| Any stimulus linked to a specific memory |
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| The eerie sense that I've experienced this before. Cues from this situation unconsciously triggers memories of an earlier experience |
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| The tendency to recall memories that consistent with our current mood |
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| Enduring physical brain changes as memories form |
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| The blocking of recall as old or new learning disrupts the recall of other memories |
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| In psycoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety |
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| A memory that has been corrupted by misleadig information |
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| Linking the wrong source with an event you have experienced, heard about, read about, or imaginef |
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