Term
| what does psychologist study |
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Definition
people + animals
any and everything
anything about thoughts, feelings, or behavior
the underlying physiological mechanisms |
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Term
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Definition
| the scientific study of behvaior and mental processes |
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Term
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Definition
| how brain and nervous system impact behavior (and vice versa) |
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Term
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Definition
diagnose and address psych disorders.
improve adjustment |
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Term
| What are the 2 most popular subfields in psychology (they make up 50%)? |
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Definition
35% clinical
15% counseling |
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Term
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Definition
identify typical growth and change pattersn
prenatal to death
identify influence |
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Term
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Definition
explore impact of others on behavior/ thoughts/ feelings
immediate and culture setting |
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Term
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Definition
focus individual differences
today interest prediction |
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Term
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Definition
explore impact of stress
identifying contributing factors/ behaviors to illness
reactions and coping |
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Term
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Definition
classical laboratory
sensation and perception
learning |
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Term
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Definition
| memory, decision making, attention, judgments |
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Term
| industrial/ organizational (I/O) |
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Definition
psychologist in orginization and work setting
increase productivity and worker well being |
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Term
| evolutionary/ behavior genetics |
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Definition
| nature vs nuture and survival value of certain behavioral characteristics |
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Term
What percentage of Psychologists are
women? |
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Definition
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Term
| What issues does the underrepresentation of minorities in psych raise? |
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Definition
| limits diversity of the field, access for some |
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Term
| key theoretical: psychodynamic (modern version of Freud's work) |
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Definition
suggested unconscious motives (especially sex and aggression) determine behavior
focus still on unconscious needs/motives (but less focus on sexual ones)
explores development of self concept
contributions (early recognition/appreciation)
1. role of early experience on later behavior
2. possibility of unconscious impacting behavor
3. defense mechanisms |
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Term
| key theoretical: behavioral |
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Definition
focus solely on things that can be seen (reaction to psychodynamic)
1. belief: behavior s result of enviroment
2. thought (conscious or unconscious) not important |
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Term
| key theoretical: humanistic |
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Definition
humanists believe people have the free will (the freeom to choose their own destiny)
emphasize human potential, the ability for everyone to ecome the best person possible (self actualization?) |
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Term
| key theoretical: cognitive |
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Definition
| focus on mental tasks (memory, attention, intelligence, perception, problem solving, language and learning |
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Term
| key theoretical: sociocultural |
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Definition
| focus on impact of social seting and social expectations (including culture) on behavior |
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Term
| key theoretical: biopsychological |
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Definition
| attributes human and animal behavior to bilogical events occuring in the body |
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Term
| key theoretical: evolutionary |
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Definition
focus on bio bases of universal mental and behavioral characteristics(those that humans share)
aka ethological perspective (behavior tied to bio and to evolution)
behavior that has an adaptive or survival value continues... (gets passed on) |
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Term
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Definition
(use ideas from more than one)
recognize that all do some, noe do it all |
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Term
| Why is it important to study research methods? |
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Definition
| gives psychologist confidence in their results |
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Term
| What is systematic empiricism? (and why is that important?) |
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Definition
| organized and representative |
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Term
| What kinds of factors might be important in understanding generalizability? |
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Definition
| Gender, Age, Cultural Group, SES- urban or rural |
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Term
| What are the four steps of the scientific method (in order)? |
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Definition
Make observations/theorize (assumption/idea)
2. Form a hypothesis
3. Test: Design/Run a study
a. Analyze results
4. Report/Revise/Extend
AND REPEAT |
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Term
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Definition
general ideas about how things work
possible explanations for observations
proposed/needs supporting data |
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Term
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Definition
specific (testable) prediction based on theory – many hypothesis for
any given theory |
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Term
sources of data: observation (real life + lab) (look)
DEFINITION |
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Definition
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Term
sources of data: observation (real life + lab) (look)
ADVANTAGES |
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Definition
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Term
sources of data: observation (real life + lab) (look)
DISADVANTAGES |
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Definition
| reaction level, time, money, some people act different when they're being watched |
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Term
sources of data: interview and survey
DEFINITION |
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Definition
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Term
sources of data: interview and survey
ADVANTAGES |
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Definition
| inexpensive, ask what people are thinking and feeling |
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Term
sources of data: interview and survey
DISADVANTAGES |
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Definition
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Term
sources of data: standardized test
DEFINITION |
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Definition
| devided measure with a group |
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Term
sources of data: standardized test
ADVANTAGES |
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Definition
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Term
sources of data: standardized test
DISADVANTAGE |
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Definition
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Term
sources of data: physiological measures
DEFINITION |
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Definition
| bio measures, whats goin on inside the body |
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Term
sources of data: physiological measures
DEFINITION |
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Definition
| bio measures, whats goin on inside the body |
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Term
sources of data: physiological measures
ADVANTAGES |
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Definition
| has validy, science can back it up, can help make a body mind connection |
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Term
sources of data: physiological measures
DISADVANTAGES |
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Definition
| expensive, limited avalibility |
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Term
sources of data: case study
DEFINITION |
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Definition
| looking in detail at one person or situation |
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Term
sources of data: case study
ADVANTAGES |
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Definition
| lots of info, show possibilites |
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Term
sources of data: case study
DISADVANTAGE |
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Definition
| can it be generalized, not the same with everyone or situation |
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Term
| Can you name the four goals of psychology? |
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Definition
1. description (descriptive)
2. prediction (corrrelational)
3. explanation (experiment)
4. control (experiment) |
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Term
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Definition
mathematical measure of the relationship
correlation coefficient (r)
the mathematical value
varies between -1 to1 |
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Term
| What types of questions do correlational studies answer? |
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Definition
Are they related?
if so, how strong is relationships?
What direction is relationships? |
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Term
| What is the difference between negative and positive correlations? |
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Definition
postive correlation - variables related in same direction
high scores predict high, low predict low
negative correlation - varriables related in opposite direction
high scores predict low, low predict high
zero correlation means that there is no relation |
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