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General Psychology - Introduction
Introduction to general psychology, theory and perspective
32
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
01/19/2010

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Term
Adaptations
Definition
inherited solutions to ancestral problems that have been selected for because they directly contribute in some way to reproductive success; they continue to perform that function though the problem that required the adaptation no longer exists.
Term
Asylums
Definition
facilities for treating the mentally ill that existed in Europe during the Middle Ages and into the 19th century.
Term
behavioral neuroscience
Definition
the study of the links among brain, mind, and behavior.
Term
Behaviorism
Definition
a school of psychology that proposed that psychology can be a true science only if it examines observable behavior, not ideas, thoughts, feelings, or motives.
Term
biological psychology
Definition
the study of the relationship between bodily systems and chemicals, and how they influence behavior and thought.
Term
clinical psychology
Definition
the field that deals with the treatment of mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders and the promotion of psychological health.
Term
cognitive psychology
Definition
the study of how people perceive, remember, think, speak, and solve problems.
Term
cognitive science
Definition
a theory of psychology discipline that focuses on the scientific study of human thought.
Term
developmental psychology
Definition
the study of how thought and behavior change and remain stable across the life span.
Term
educational psychology
Definition
the study of how students learn, the effectiveness of particular teaching techniques, the social psychology of schools, and the psychology of teaching.
Term
Empiricism
Definition
the view that all knowledge and thoughts come from experience.
Term
Evolution
Definition
the change over time in the frequency with which specific genes occur within a breeding species.
Term
evolutionary psychology
Definition
the branch of psychology that aims to understand the functions of the human mind by looking at and understanding what adaptive problems it may have solved earlier in its ancestral past.
Term
forensic psychology
Definition
the study that combines psychology and the legal and criminal justice systems.
Term
Functionalists
Definition
a school of psychology that argued that it was better to look at why the mind worked the way it did than to describe its parts.
Term
Gestalt psychology
Definition
a theory of psychology that proposes that we perceive things as wholes rather than a compilation of parts.
Term
health psychologists
Definition
scientists who examine the role that psychological factors play in regard to physical health and illness.
Term
humanistic psychology
Definition
a theory of psychology that focuses on personal growth and meaning as a way of reaching one’s highest potential.
Term
industrial/organizational (I/O) psychology
Definition
the application of psychological concepts and questions to work settings and problems.
Term
Introspection
Definition
the main method of investigation for structuralists; it involves looking into one’s own mind for information about the nature of conscious experience.
Term
moral treatment
Definition
approach to treatment of the mentally ill that began in Europe during the 18th and 19th centuries; its goal was to offer dignity and care in a relaxing environment.
Term
natural selection
Definition
a feedback process whereby nature favors one design over another, depending on whether it has an impact on reproduction.
Term
nature through nurture
Definition
the position that the environment—be it the womb or the home or the entire world—constantly interacts with biology to shape who we are and what we do.
Term
personality psychology
Definition
the study of what makes people unique and the consistencies in people’s behavior across time and situations.
Term
positive psychology
Definition
a theory of psychology that shares with humanism a belief that psychology should focus on studying, understanding, and promoting healthy and positive psychological functioning, but does so from a scientific rather than theoretical perspective.
Term
Psychoanalysis
Definition
a clinically based approach to understanding and treating psychological disorders; assumes that the unconscious mind is the most powerful force behind thought and behavior.
Term
Psychology
Definition
the scientific study of thought and behavior.
Term
Psychophysics
Definition
the first scientific form of psychology; laboratory studies of the subjective experience of physical sensations.
Term
Shamans
Definition
medicine men or women who treat the possessed by coaxing and driving out the demons with elaborate rituals, such as exorcisms, incantations, and prayers.
Term
social psychology
Definition
the study of how living among others influences thought, feeling, and behavior.
Term
sports psychology
Definition
the study of psychological factors in sports and exercise.
Term
Structuralism
Definition
19th-century school of psychology that argued that breaking down experience into its elemental parts offers the best way to understand thought and behavior.
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