Term
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Definition
| The faculty for recalling past events and past learning. |
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Term
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Definition
| A basic activity of memory, involving the recording of information in our brain. |
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Term
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Definition
| A basic activity of memory, involving recovery of information when we need it later. |
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Term
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Definition
| A basic activity of memory, involving recovery of information when we need it later. |
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Term
| Information-Processing Model |
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Definition
| View of memory suggesting that information moves among three memory stores during encoding, storage, and retrieval. |
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Term
| Parallel Distributed-Processing (PDP) (or connectionist model) |
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Definition
| Theory of memory suggesting information is represented in the brain as a pattern of activation across entire neural networks. |
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Definition
| Encoding of information with little conscious awareness or effort. |
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Term
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Definition
| Encoding of information through careful attention and conscious effort. |
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Term
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Definition
| Memory involving detailed, brief sensory image or sound retained for a brief period of time. |
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Term
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Definition
| A short-term memory store that can hold about seven items at once. |
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Definition
| Conscious repetition of information in an attempt to make sure the information is encoded. |
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Term
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Definition
| The memory system in which we hold all of the information we have previously gathered, available for retrieval and use in a new situation or task. |
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Term
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Definition
| Facilitated encoding of material through rehearsal situations spread out over time. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cognitive representation of information or an event based on the meaning of the information. |
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Term
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Definition
| Techniques used to enhance the meaningfulness of information, as a way of making them more memorable. |
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Term
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Definition
| Knowledge bases that we develop based on prior exposure to similar experiences or other knowledge bases. |
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Term
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Definition
| The retention of information-whether brief or long--in either working memory or long-term memory. |
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Term
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Definition
| Maximum number of items that can be recalled in correct order. |
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Term
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Definition
| Grouping bits of information together to enhance ability to hold that information in working memory. |
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Term
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Definition
| Memory that a person can consciously bring to mind, such as one's date of birth. |
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Term
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Definition
| Memory that a person is not consciously aware of, such as learned motor behaviors, skills, and habits. |
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Term
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Definition
| A person's memory of general knowledge of the world. |
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Term
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Definition
| A person's memory of personal events or episodes from his or her life. |
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Term
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Definition
| Words, sights, or other stimuli that remind us of the information we need to retrieve from our memory. |
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Term
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Definition
| Activation of one piece of information, which in turns leads to activation of another piece, and ultimately to the retrieval of a specific memory. |
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Term
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Definition
| Memory Tasks in which people are asked to identify whether or not they have seen a particular item before. |
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Term
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Definition
| Memory tasks in which people are asked to produce information using little or no retrieval cues. |
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Term
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Definition
| Memory retrieval facilitated by being in the same state of mind in which you encoded the memory in the first place. |
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Term
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Definition
| Detailed and near-permanent memories of an emotionally significant event, or of the circumstances surrounding the moment we learned about the event. |
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Term
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Definition
| The inability to recall information that was previously encoded into memory. |
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Term
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Definition
| Theory of forgetting, suggesting memories fade over time due to neglect or failure to access over long period of time. |
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Term
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Definition
| Theory that forgetting is influenced by what happens to people before or after they take information in. |
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Term
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Definition
| Competing information that is learned before the forgotten material, preventing its subsequent recall. |
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Term
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Definition
| Learning of new information that disrupts access to previously recalled information. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process in which we unconsciously prevent some traumatic events from entering our awareness, so that we do not have to experience the anxiety or blows to our self-concept that the memories would belong. |
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Term
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Definition
| Remembering information, but not the source it came from; can lead to remembering as true information from unreliable sources. |
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Term
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Definition
| Important brain structure located just behind the forehead and implicated in working memory. |
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Term
| Long-term Potentiation (LTP) |
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Definition
| Repeated stimulation of certain nerve cells in the brain greatly increases the likelihood that the cells will respond strongly to future stimulation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Organic disorders in which memory loss is the primary symptom. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inability to remember things that occurred before an organic event. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ongoing inability to form new memories after an amnesia-inducing event. |
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Term
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Definition
| Severe memory problems combine with losses in at least one other cognitive functions, such as abstract thinking or language. |
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Term
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Definition
| Most common form of dementia, usually beginning with mild memory problems, lapses of attentions, and problems in language and progressing to difficulty with even simple tasks and recall of long-held memories. |
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Term
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Definition
| Twisted protein fibers found within the cells of the hippocampus and certain other brain areas. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sphere-shaped deposits of a protein known as beta-amyloid that form in the spaces between cells in the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and certain other brain regions, as well as in some nearby blood vessels. |
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Term
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Definition
| Psychological disorder characterized by major loss of memory without clear physical causes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Psychological disorder characterized by inability to recall important information, usually of an upsetting nature, about one's life. |
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Term
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Definition
| Psychological disorder characterized by loss of memory of personal identities and details of one's past life and flight to an entirely different location. |
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Term
| Dissociative Identity Disorder |
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Definition
| Psychological disorder characterized by the development of two or more distinct personalities. |
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Term
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Definition
| Alternate personalities developed in dissociative identity disorder, each with a unique set of memories, behaviors, thoughts, and emotions. |
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