Term
Clinical descriptors of appearance of lesions (8) |
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Definition
1. Location 2. Number: single/multiple 3. Color 4. Size 5. Raised (sessile, pedunculated, flat) 6. Well circumscribed/diffuse 7. Mobile or fixed 8. Radiographic appearance |
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Term
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Definition
"Benign" in nature-but not of tumor origin; Reactive lesions occur as a response to injury eg. cheek and lip biting; |
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Term
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Definition
Bump on gums; Non specific clinical term for reactive, focal connective tissue lesion on gingiva; focal growths of gingiva. |
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Term
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Definition
bone tissue which is the major structural and supportive connective tissue of the body. Osseous tissue forms the rigid part of the bone organs that make up the skeletal system. There are two types of osseous tissue, compact and spongy. |
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Term
Functions of osseous tissue (4) |
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Definition
1. Support for muscles, organs, and soft tissues. 2. Leverage and movement. 3.Protection of vital organs. e.g. the heart 4.Calcium phosphate storage. |
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Definition
without a stalk; nodule-like |
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Definition
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Definition
connective epithelial muscle nervous |
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Term
Fibrous connective tissue |
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Definition
Derived from mesoderm (usually); Buccal mucosa, labial mucosa, gingiva, tongue. |
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Term
Possible differential diagnosis of a reactive inflammatory lesion found on fibrous connective tissue (8) |
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Definition
1. Irritation fibroma/focal fibrous hyperplasia 2. Peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) 3. Peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) 4. Inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (IFH) 5. Inflammatory papillary hyperplasia (IPH) 6. Gingival fibromatosis 7. Hyperplastic gingivitis 8. Hyperplastic pulpitis |
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Term
Possible differential diagnosis of a vascular reactive inflammatory lesion (1)
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Definition
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Term
Possible differential diagnosis of a reactive inflammatory lesion found on a peripheral nerve (1)
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Definition
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Term
Possible differential diagnosis of a reactive inflammatory lesion found on/with salivary gland (1)
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Definition
Mucous retention phenomenon (mucocele) |
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Term
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Definition
Abnormality caused by failure or inadequate completion of one or more embryonic processes. Intrinsic anomaly. May be limited to an anatomic region, entire organ system, or produce a malformation syndrome affecting a number or different body systems. EXAMPLE: Cleft lip, heart malformation. |
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Term
ETIOLOGY OF MALFORMATIONS |
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Definition
-Teratogenic exposure (drugs, smoking, alcohol, ionizing radiation), -Genetics (chromosomal abnormalities, inherited disease, sporadic mutation) -Other malformation sequences – mechanical disruption (amniotic rupture and amniotic band sequence) |
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Definition
Chemical or physical exposure that causes malformation |
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Definition
Dose dependent teratogenic effects of in utero exposure to alcohol. Facial abnormalities, microencephaly, mental retardation, behavioral and learning abnormalities |
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Definition
Abnormal cellular organization or function within a specific tissue type throughout the body resulting in clinically apparent structural changes. Almost all dysplasia is caused by major mutant genes. |
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Term
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Definition
More than 170 different ones. Defined as a disorder with anomalies in 2 or more ectodermally-derived tissues (hair, skin, nails, teeth) |
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Term
X-LINKED HYPOHIDROTIC ECTODERMAL DYSPLASIA |
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Definition
Sparse hair, Decreased sweating, Missing teeth, Dysplastic nails, Characteristic face (Protruding lips, Depressed nasal bridge, Small face, Short lower face, Periorbital pigmentation) |
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Definition
| Anomaly produced by aberrant mechanical forces that distort otherwise normal structures. Usually occur late in gestation. EXAMPLE: Club feet |
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Definition
| Structural defect caused by actual destruction of previously normal tissue. Mechanical forces, ischemia, hemorrhage, adhesion may be causes. |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA. 46 chromosomes, 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes. Inherit one of each chromosome pair from mother and father. DNA building blocks are nucleotides. Each nucleotide = base, phosphate, and a deoxyribose sugar backbone. DNA is a double helix. |
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Term
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Definition
| 3 bases in a sequence form a codon. 22 amino acids but 64 possible combinations of 3 bases. GENES: A typical gene consists of two different types of DNA sequences (exons = expressed sequences, introns = intervening sequences) |
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Definition
| Any permanent change in DNA. Not always damaging, many are “silent mutations” with no apparent effect |
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Term
| 3 basic types of mutations based on size |
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Definition
GENOME MUTATION = extra or missing chromosomes, CHROMOSOME MUTATION = translocation of pieces of chromosomes, GENE MUTATION = single base substitution. Mutations can occur in: germ cells – risk of transmitting the mutation as heritable disease, somatic cells – risk of cancer in the individual. |
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Term
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Definition
| The observable expression of a gene |
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Term
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Definition
| the genetic make-up at one location or the entire genome |
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Definition
-alterations in chromosome number - Most common type of mutations -Most are incompatible with life/reproduction. Trisomies are most common, may have monosomy or polyploidy EXAMPLE: Down Syndrome – Trisomy 21 |
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Term
| TRISOMY 21 – DOWN SYNDROME |
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Definition
| Greater incidence with increased maternal age. Hypotonia, congenital heart defects, variable mental retardation, increased risk or leukemia. Craniofacial features: midfacial hypoplasia, open mouth/macroglossia, epicanthal folds, upslanting palpebral fissures, altered tooth shape, increased incidence or periodontitis in childhood, low caries. |
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Definition
| Translocations, Duplications, Deletions, Inversions of pieces of chromosomes. Can be detected through karyotyping and special staining of chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
Single gene traits. 4 types of inheritance: 1.Autosomal Dominant 2. Autosomal Recessive 3.X-linked Dominant 4.X-linked Recessive
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Term
| MENDELIAN DISORDERS (DENTAL) |
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Definition
Amelogenesis Imperfecta, Dentinogenesis Imperfecta, Familial Hypodontia, Some Ectodermal Dysplasias, Other Syndromes with Dental Defects.
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Term
MENDELIAN DISORDERS (CRANIOFACIAL)
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Definition
| Cleidocranial Dysostosis, Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome, Craniosynostosis Syndromes, Oro-Facial Clefting Syndromes |
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Term
| AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT INHERITANCE |
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Definition
| Need one bad copy of the gene to express disease. May occur as a sporadic mutation (no family history). Affected person’s risk of having an affected child = 50% EXAMPLES: Amelogenesis imperfecta, Dentinogenesis imperfecta, Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome (Gorlin Syndrome). Diseases often show a lot of variability in the expression of the disease trait, even within the same family. |
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Term
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Definition
| Defects in enamel. Some due to defects in gene for amelogenin, protein needed for enamel formation, others due to defects in gene for ameloblastin. |
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Term
| NEVOID BASAL CELL CARCINOME SYNDROME |
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Definition
| Gorlin syndrome. Multiple dysplastic skin lesions – transform into basal cell carcinomas. Jaw cysts. Skeletal abnormalities: bifid ribs, vertebral anomalies, hypertelorism, frontal bossing, tall and thin with long limbs, calcified falx cerebri. Mutation in PTCHed gene. |
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Term
| AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE INHERITANCE |
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Definition
| Need 2 bad copies of the gene to express the disease. Parents are usually not affected. A couple with an affected child has a 25% risk of having another affected child. EXAMPLES: Cystic fibrosis, Sickle cell anemia, Tay Sachs disease. |
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Term
| X-LINKED RECESSIVE INHERITANCE |
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Definition
| Carried on the X chromosome. Males predominantly affected, carrier female may have mild expression or be completely normal. Couple’s chance of having another affected male is 50%, carrier females 50%. EXAMPLES; Hemophilia A, X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia |
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Term
| MULTIFACTORIAL INHERITANCE |
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Definition
| Caused by combination of genetics and environmental factors. Clinically the most significant group of diseases. Pattern of inheritance not readily recognizable from family history. EXAMPLES: Dental caries, Periodontal disease, Cleft Lip/Palate, Oral cancer, Malocclusion, Common chronic diseases or adulthood (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, cancers, athersclerosis, arthritis.) |
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Term
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Definition
| Can range from notch in upper lip to full blown cleft of the lip, hard and soft palate (more posterior involvement as severity increases.) Males affected more than females. Right side affected more than left side. Small maxilla, asymmetrical nose/face, dental anomalies common (especially in the area of the cleft) (missing or extra laterals, pitted enamel, missing teeth distant from the cleft) |
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Term
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Definition
| More common in females. Most often caused by multifactorial inheritance, can also be associated with Mendelian Syndrome. Can be caused by teratogenic exposure to tobacco smoke, or lack of folic acid. Most minimal manifestation is submucous cleft (hyponasal or hypernasal speech, bifid uvula) |
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Term
| TREACHER COLLINS SYNDROME |
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Definition
Autosomal dominant. Bilaterally asymmetrical midface, zygomatic bone hypoplasia, downward slanting palpebral fissures (eyes), defects in lower eyelids, ear malformations (microtia), hearing loss, micrognathia and cleft palate, anterior open bite. |
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