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Lots of Various Chemistry Definitions and Elements
90
Chemistry
Undergraduate 1
09/17/2010
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Term
NH4+
 Definition
Ammonium/ Cation
Term
H3O+
 Definition
Hydronium/ Cation
Term
Hg22+
 Definition
Mercury(I)/ Cation
Term
OH-
 Definition
Hydroxide/ Diatomic Anion
Term
CH3CO2-
 Definition
Acetate/ Anion with Carbon
Term
CO32-
 Definition
Carbonate/ Anion with Carbon
Term
CN-
 Definition
Cyanide/ Diatomic Anion
Term
C2O42-
 Definition
Oxalate/ Anion with Carbon
Term
SO4-
 Definition
Sulfate/ Oxoanions
Term
SO32-
 Definition
Sulfite/ Oxoanions
Term
NO3-
 Definition
Nitrate/ Oxoanion
Term
NO2-
 Definition
Nitrite/ Oxoanion
Term
PO43-
 Definition
Phosphate/ Oxoanions
Term
MnO4-
 Definition
Permanganate/ Oxoanion
Term
CrO42-
 Definition
Chromate/ Oxoanion
Term
Cr2O72-
 Definition
Dichromate/ Oxoanion
Term
ClO4-
 Definition
Perchlorate
Term
ClO3-
 Definition
Chlorate
Term
ClO2-
 Definition
Chlorite/ Oxanions
Term
ClO-
 Definition
Hypochlorite/ Oxoanions
Term
Hydrogen 1 (alkali)
 Definition
H / 1.008 (+1)
Term
Helium 2 (Noble Gas)
 Definition
He/ 4.003
Term
Lithium 3 (Alkali)
 Definition
Li/ 6.941 (+1)
Term
Beryllium 4 (Alkaline Earth)
 Definition
Be/ 9.012 (+2)
Term
Boron 5 (Metalloid)
 Definition
B/ 10.81 (+3)
Term
Carbon 6 (Non metal)
 Definition
C/ 12.01 (+-4)
Term
Nitrogen 7 (Non metal)
 Definition
N/ 14.01 (-3)
Term
Oxygen 8 (Non metal)
 Definition
O/ 16.00 (-2)
Term
Fluorine 9 (Non metal) (diatomic)
 Definition
F / 19.00 (-1)
Term
Neon 10 (Noble Gas)
 Definition
Ne/ 20.18
Term
Sodium 11 (Alkali)
 Definition
Na/ 22.99 (+1)
Term
Magnesium 12 (Alkaline Earth Metal)
 Definition
Mg/ 24.31 (+2)
Term
Aluminum 13 (Metalloid)
 Definition
Al/ 26. 98 (+3)
Term
Silicon 14 (Metalloid)
 Definition
Si/ 28.09 (+-4)
Term
Phosphorous 15 (Non metal)
 Definition
P/ 30.97 (-3)
Term
Sulfur 16 (non metal)
 Definition
S/ 32.07 (-2)
Term
Chlorine 17 (non metal)
 Definition
Cl/ 35.45 (-1)
Term
Argon 18 (noble)
 Definition
Ar/ 39.95
Term
Potassium 19 (Alkali)
 Definition
K /39.10 (+1)
Term
Calcium 20 (Alkaline))
 Definition
Ca 40.08 (+2)
Term
Scandium 21 Transition
 Definition
Sc/ 44.96
Term
Titanium 22 Transition
 Definition
Ti/ 47.88
Term
Vanadium 23 Transition
 Definition
V/ 50.94
Term
Chromium 24 Transition
 Definition
Cr/ 51.99
Term
Manganese 25 Transition
 Definition
Mn/ 54.94
Term
Iron 26 Transition
 Definition
Fe/ 55.85 (+2, +3)
Term
Cobalt 27 Transition
 Definition
Co/ 58.93
Term
Nickel 28 Transition
 Definition
Ni/ 58.69
Term
Copper 29 Transition
 Definition
Cu/ 63.55 (+1, +2)
Term
Zinc 30 Transition
 Definition
Zn/ 65.39 (+2)
Term
Gallium 31
 Definition
Ga/ 69.72 (+3)
Term
Germanium 32 Metalloid
 Definition
Ge/ 72.61 (+-4)
Term
Arsenic 32 Metalloid
 Definition
As/ 74.92 (-3)
Term
Selenium 33 Metalloid
 Definition
Se/ 78.96 (-2)
Term
Bromine 35 Halogen
 Definition
Br/ 79.90 (-1)
Term
Krypton 36 Noble
 Definition
Kr/ 83.80
Term
Rubidium 37 Alkali
 Definition
Rb/ 85.47 (+1)
Term
Strontium 38 Alkaline
 Definition
Sr/ 87.62 (+2)
Term
yttrium 39 Transition
 Definition
Y/ 88.91
Term
zirconium 40 Transition
 Definition
Zr/ 91.22
Term
Niobium 41 Transition
 Definition
Nb/ 92.91
Term
Molybdenum 42 Transition
 Definition
Mo/ 95.94
Term
Technetium 43 Transition
 Definition
Tc/ 98
Term
Ruthenium 44 Transition
 Definition
Ru/ 101.07
Term
Rhodium 45 Transition
 Definition
Rh/ 102.91
Term
Palladium 46 Transition
 Definition
Pd/ 106.42
Term
Silver 47 Transition
 Definition
Ag/ 107.87 (+1)
Term
Cadmium 48 Transition
 Definition
Cd/ 112.41
Term
Indium 49
 Definition
In/ 114.82 (+3)
Term
Tin 50 Metalloid
 Definition
Sn/ 118.71 (+2, +4)
Term
Sig Fig Rules
 Definition
1. All non-zero digits are significant
2. Zeros between 2 sig figs are significant
3. Zeros at the beginning are NEVER significant.
4. Zeros at the end of a number are significant only if a decimal point is written in the number.
Term
Addition + Subtraction Rule with Sig Figs
 Definition
Round to the least significant decimal place (farthest to the left)
Term
Division and Multiplication with Sig Fig
 Definition
Round to the least number and the sig fig it has. 32cm-> 3.2E1cm
Term
Sig Figs with Scientific Notation
 Definition
Round first to sig figs, then put in notation form.
Term
Hydrates
 Definition
Compounds that have water trapped in the crystal lattice.
Term
Empirical Formula
 Definition
The atom ratio is the simplest possible whole number ratio.
Term
Molecular Formula
 Definition
True number of atoms of each kind in a molecule. Obtained by multiplying the empirical number by a whole number. Only molecules have molecular.
Term
Stoicheometry Coefficients
 Definition
Give the relative number of molecules or moles involved in a reaction.
Term
Rules for writing net ionic equations
 Definition
1. Write balanced molecular equation.
2. Dissociate all ions
3. check for precipitates
4. Cross out all spectator ions
5. Write the net ionic equation with the species remaining.
Term
Arrhenius Acids
 Definition
Substances that give up protons in aqueous solutions
Term
Bronsted Lowry Acids
 Definition
Proton Donors
Term
Oxidation Rules
 Definition
1. Elements in their most stable form =0
2. the oxidation # of a monotamic ion is the same as its charge.
3. Oxygen has an oxidation number of -2 except in peroxides.
4. hydrogen is -1 with a metal, +1 with a nonmetal.
5. Halogens have an oxidation number of -1 in binary compounds (F is always -1)
6. Halogens have varying oxidation numbers in polyatomic anions (e.g. in oxyanions, they can have a positive charge).
Term
The sum of the oxidation numbers
 Definition
Equal 0 in a neutral compound
Term
Displacement Reactions
 Definition
Often involve metal solids that react with acid or metal salt.
A(s)+BX(aq)->AX(aq)+B
Term
Dissociate completely
 Definition
Strong Acids
Term
Partially Dissociate in Water
 Definition
Weak Acids
Term
Arrhenius Base
 Definition
Substances that increase OH- when dissolved
Term
Bronsted Lowry Base
 Definition
Proton acceptors
Term
Some Strong Bases
 Definition
All Alkali Metals
Calcium Hydroxide
Strontium Hydroxide
Barium Hydroxide
Term
Titration
 Definition
Analytical technique used to calculate the concentration of a solute in a solution.
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