Term
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Definition
| Genes on the same Chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
| Process that produces new combinations of alleles |
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Term
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Definition
| Exchange of genetic material between homologous but nonsister chromatids |
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Term
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Definition
| Point of attachment between homologous chromosomes at which crossing over took place |
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Definition
| only 2 kinds of offspring, like the parents |
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Term
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Definition
| recombination produces a few of the other 2 kinds of offspring |
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Term
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Definition
| a cross between an individual with an unknown genotype and an individual with the homozygous recessive genotype |
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Term
| How many chromatids take part in crossover? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many chromatids can be found on a double crossover? |
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Definition
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Term
| More space between 2 genes |
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Definition
| more likely that they will be separated by recombination during meiosis |
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Term
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Definition
| Distance assumption unit for recombination |
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Term
| Maximum distance of a Recombination |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens when map units go over 50? |
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Definition
| It becomes impossible to tell between recombination and independent assortment. |
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Term
| Why won't double crossovers be detected? |
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Definition
| they return alleles to parental arrangements |
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Term
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Definition
| single base mutations that are “alleles” even when not in genes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Estimate locus of gene by crossing recessive homozygotes to deletion heterozygotes |
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Term
| Somatic Cell Hybridization |
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Definition
| Find which chromosome a gene is on by creating reduced-chromosome cell lines (Hamster-human hybrids) |
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Term
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Definition
| Lack some nutrient due to defective food processing gene; Mutant cells survive if fed missing nutrient |
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Term
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Definition
| Some cells make special protective proteins to block antibiotics |
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Term
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Definition
| Small, non-vital, circles of DNA |
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Term
| When does recombination happen in bacteria |
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Definition
| Recombination happens when part of bacterial genome is temporarily diploid; “Extra” DNA is moved into the cell by one of three different mechanisms |
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Term
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Definition
| small pieces of free DNA are pulled in through cell membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA is transferred during bacterial “sex” |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA is transferred by phages |
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Term
| Incorporation by Recombination |
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Definition
| Newly transferred DNA can be incorporated into bacterial genome by recombination; Similar to recombination between homologous chromosomes in diploids; Must have double crossover to successfully incorporate DNA |
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Term
| Imported linear DNA is either....? |
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Definition
| degraded or recombined with matching DNA on host chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
| Tubes that connect cells together for the purpose of DNA transfer |
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Term
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Definition
| Process in which two or more genes are transferred together during cell transformation |
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Term
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Definition
| Gene transfer can only go from one cell to another, not the inverse |
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Term
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Definition
| a cell will have an F plasmid integrated into the main chromosome; Can happen at many points along the chromosome, where there is a small amount of sequence that matches a part of the plasmid |
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Term
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Definition
| Transfer is usually incomplete; Pilus breaks down before whole chromosome transfers |
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Term
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Definition
| Life cycle of a bacteriaphage in which phage genes are transcribed and translated, new phage particles are produced and the host cell is lysed. |
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Term
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Definition
| Phage attachs to bacterial cell; Phage injects own genome into cell; Phage integrates its genome into bacterial chromosome; Phage DNA is copied with host DNA; Phage can “pull out” and go into lytic phase |
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Term
| What type of information storage can be found in a virus? |
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Definition
| Double or single stranded DNA or RNA |
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Term
| Three genes typically found in a retrovirus |
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Definition
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Term
| How do Viral Genomes save space? |
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Definition
| Overlapping to make them into extremely small bodies. |
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Term
| What type of storage material is found in a retrovirus? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| reverse transcribes DNA into the eukaryotic genome. |
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Term
| Where is Reverse Transcriptase produced? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Count the plaque phenotypes to determine loci distance. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 2 genes are required for proper expression. |
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Term
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Definition
| Having plus or minus a single chromosome. |
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Term
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Definition
| Three copies of one chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
| Very rare chromosome addition beyond trisomy. |
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Term
| Aneuploidy usually caused by.........? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Complete extra sets of chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| sets from more than one species, due to hybridization |
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Term
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Definition
| tissue specific increase of chromosome number by aborting cytokinesis |
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Term
| Tissue-specific Chromosome Variation |
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Definition
| Extra copies of genes are made where high levels of products or regeneration are needed. |
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Term
| Robertsonian Translocations |
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Definition
Fuses two chromosomes near centromeres;
Begins as a reciprocal translocation of acrocentrics |
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Term
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Definition
| Chromosomes replicate without splitting, forming giant chromatids |
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