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General embryology
Oral histology in General Embryology
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Undergraduate 2
03/03/2021

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Term
46 chromosomes
Definition
The human somatic (body) cell contains
Term
Fertilization
Definition
n is the fusion of male and female germ cells to form zygote
Term
gametes
Definition
The spermatozoa and ova, collectively called
Term
Germ cells
Definition
are required to have half as many chromosomes
Term
meiosis
Definition
The process that produces germ is called
Term
Germ cells
Definition
are required to have half as many chromosomes
Term
melanoblasts
Definition
the pigment cells of the skin
Term
odontoblasts
Definition
, smooth muscle cells of the cardiovascular system
Term
adrenal gland
Definition
hormone-secreting cells of the
Term
neurocristopathies
Definition
congenital disorders and diseases, which are collectively termed
Term
bulge
Definition
hair follicle is a multilayered region of the outer root sheath called the
Term
mesenchyme
Definition
derived from mesoderm and is known as
Term
ectomesenchyme
Definition
reflecting its origin from neuroectoderm.
Term
paraxial mesoderm
Definition
remains adjacent to the neural tube and notochord
Term
lateral plate mesoderm
Definition
cavitates to form a space (coelom)
Term
mesoderm
Definition
the cavity lines the body wall and gut
Term
Intermediate mesoderm
Definition
is relocated to a position on the dorsal wall of the coelom
Term
myotome
Definition
which gives origin to a segmented mass of muscle
Term
sclerotome
Definition
which eventually contributes to two adjacent vertebrae and their disks
Term
dermatome
Definition
which gives rise to the connective tissue of the skin overlying the somite
Term
neural tube
Definition
undergoes massive expansion to form the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain.
Term
rhombomeres
Definition
eight bulges, known as ___ which play an important role in the development of the head
Term
mesoblast
Definition
infiltrate and push away the extraembryonic endodermal cells of the hypoblast
Term
notochord process
Definition
extends forward from the primitive node
Term
nervous system
Definition
develops as a thickening within the ectodermal layer at the rostral end of the embryo.
Term
neural groove
Definition
delineate a deepening midline depression, the
Term
neural tube forms
Definition
changes occur in the mesoderm adjacent to the tube and the notochord.
Term
somites
Definition
this paraxial mesoderm breaks into segmented blocks called
Term
morula
Definition
The fertilized egg initially undergoes a series of rapid divisions that lead to the formation of a ball of cells called the
Term
Embryoblast
Definition
will be pushed to one pole because of fluid accumulation
Term
Blastocyst
Definition
single hallow cavity
Term
bilaminar germ disk
Definition
embryoblast differentiate into a two-layered disk called the
Term
Patterning
Definition
is key in development from the initial axial (head-to-tail) specification of the embryo through its segmentation.
Term
homeobox genes
Definition
contain a similar region of 180 nucleotide base pairs
Term
paracrine
Definition
A growth factor produced by one cell and acting on another is described as
Term
autocrine
Definition
The process of a cell that recaptures its own product is known
Term
Mitosis
Definition
describes the division of somatic cells
Term
zygote
Definition
Fertilization is the fusion of male and female germ cells to form
Term
Fertilization
Definition
n is the fusion of male and female germ cells to form zygote
Term
Germ cells
Definition
are required to have half as many chromosomes
Term
gametes
Definition
The spermatozoa and ova, collectively called
Term
Trisomy 21
Definition
Down Syndrome
Term
Autosomal Monosomy
Definition
lacking one chromosome
Term
Oogenesis
Definition
Formation of the ova
Term
Spermatogenesis
Definition
Begins in puberty in males
Term
Gametogenesis
Definition
Where sperm is produced
Term
gametes
Definition
Sperm and ovum
Term
Cytotrophoblast
Definition
form the wall of the developing organism of periphery
Term
Ectoderm
Definition
tall columnar cells, floor of the amniotic cavity
Term
Endoderm
Definition
small cuboidal cells, roof of the secondary yolk sac
Term
Extracoelomic cavity
Definition
surrounded by flattened cells (Heusser’s membrane)
Term
Amniotic cavity
Definition
formed by the accumulation of fluid
Term
Primitive node
Definition
boundary of primitive streak
Term
Primitive streak
Definition
found on the surface of the ectoderm
Term
Primitive streak
Definition
V shaped groove on the surface of the ectoderm
Term
Primitive pit
Definition
 nodes leads to a pit
Term
Extraembryonic Membranes
Definition
Mesodermal in origin
Term
Extraembryonic Membranes
Definition
Forms the wall of the conceptus; protective in nature
Term
Somites
Definition
segmented block of mesodermal cells
Term
Cardinal plate
Definition
where heart will develop
Term
Cecal plate
Definition
tail part
Term
Prochordal plate
Definition
a slight enlargement of the endodermal and ectodermal cells at the head (cephalic or rostral) end of the embryo (axis of the embryo)
Term
Free blastocyst
Definition
not embedded in any part (uterine wall)
Term
Sperm cells
Definition
– contains the following enzyme:  Hyaluronidase  Acrosin
Term
Morula
Definition
3-4 days after fertilization
Term
Corona Radiata
Definition
Outer covering of ovum
Term
Zona Pellucida
Definition
Inner covering which is thicker of the ovum
Term
Ampulla
Definition
Widest part of the tube
Term
Ovary
Definition
Will release one ovum (settles in the distal part of the ampulla)
Term
Fallopian tube
Definition
also known as oviduct
Term
Fallopian tube
Definition
opens into distal aspect to the ovary
Term
Uterine Cycle
Definition
direct response to hormones produced by the ovary
Term
Ovarian Cycle
Definition
a direct response to pituitary gonadotropins
Term
estrogen
Definition
restores proliferation of the uterine mucosa that was sloughed off as a result of menstruation
Term
Luteinizing Hormone
Definition
is produced by trophoblastic cells maintains the function of the corpus luteum
Term
gonadrotropin
Definition
Hypothalamus - Produces hormones which is called
Term
Down Syndrome
Definition
If the 21st pair has a defect, it results into a
Term
synthetic (S) phase
Definition
DNA is first replicated during the
Term
dentinogenesis imperfecta
Definition
an autosomal dominant genetic defect
Term
Follicle Simulating Hormone
Definition
Stimulates ovarian follicle to ripen and
produce its hormone
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