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Definition
| two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds |
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Term
| molecular weight and formula weight |
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Definition
- molecular weight is the sum of the atomic weights of all the atoms in a molecule in atomic mass units (amu)
- formula weight is found by adding up the atomic weights of the constituent ions according to its empirical formula, also in amu per molecule
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Definition
| a quantity of any substance equal to the number of particles defined as Avogadro's number (6.022 x 1023 mol-1) |
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Definition
| the mass of one mole of a compound expressed in grams per mole |
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Definition
| the amount of a compound that produces one equivalent of the particle of interest; calculated by dividing molar mass by the number of particles of interest produced or consumed per molecule of the compound in the reaction |
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| measure of concentration expressed in equivalents/L |
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| law of constant composition |
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Definition
| any pure sample of a given compound will contain the same elements in an identical mass ratio |
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Definition
| the simplest whole-number ratio of the elements in the compound |
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Definition
| the exact number of atoms of each element in the compound and is a multiple of the empirical formula |
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| percent composition determination |
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Definition
| divide the mass of the element in the formula by its molar mass and multiply by 100 |
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Definition
| two or more reactants forming one product |
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Definition
| a single reactant breaks down into two or more products, usually as a result of heating, high-frequency radiation or electrolysis |
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Definition
| occur when a fuel and an oxidant (typically oxygen) react and fro products of water and carbon dioxide (if the fuel is a hydrocarbon) |
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Term
| single-displacement reactions |
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Definition
| occur when an ion of one compound is replaced with another element |
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Term
| double-displacement reactions |
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Definition
| occur when elements from two different compounds trade places with each other to form two new compounds |
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Term
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Definition
| special kind of double-displacement reaction in which an acid reacts with a base to produce a salt (and, usually, water) |
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| What are the naming conventions for elements that can form more than on positive ion? |
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Definition
- the charge is indicated by a Roman numeral in parentheses following the name of the element ie Iron(II)
- less common, add -ous or -ic to the root to represent the ions with lesser and greater charger, respectively
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Term
| What is the naming convention for elements that form oxyanions? |
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Definition
-ite for less oxygen; -ate for more
Hypo- as a prefix for less if more than 2 oxyanions and per- as a prefix for more |
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