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General Chemistry Ch. 2 - The Periodic Table
MCAT
12
Chemistry
Undergraduate 1
05/22/2016

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Term
periods vs groups/families
Definition
rows vs columns
Term
representative elements
Definition
elements that have their valence electrons in the orbitals of either s or p subshells
Term
nonrepresentative elements
Definition
includes elements which have valence electrons in the s and d subshells and the s and f subshells for the transition elements and the lanthanide/actinide series, respectively
Term

What elements are considered metalloids?

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Definition
boron (B), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), tellurium (Te), polonium (Po) and astatine (At)
Term
What is effective nuclear charge and what is its trend?
Definition

The electrostatic attraction between the valence shell electrons and the nucleus.

  • Increases left to right
  • little change top to bottom but valence electrons held less tightly as you move down a group due to increased separation from nucleus
Term
What is the trend for atomic radii?
Definition
  • Decreases left to right
  • Increases top to bottom

So smaller as you go right and bigger as you go down

Term
How do you determine if metalloids typically gain or lose electrons?
Definition
If a metalloid falls to the left of the metalloid line it will typically lose electrons (like the metals on the left side of the line) and if it falls to the right it will gain electrons (similar to the nonmetals on that side)
Term
Ionic radius
Definition
the radius of an ion; if the element loses electrons it will have a small ionic radius, if it gains electrons it will have a bigger ionic radius; more electrons gain or lost equals a bigger change in radius
Term
ionization energy
Definition

aka ionization potential - the energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous species

  • increases left to right
  • decreases top to bottom
Term
electron affinity
Definition

the energy dissipated by a gaseous species when it gains an electron

  • increases left to right
  • decreases top to bottom
Term
electronegativity
Definition

a measure of the attractive force that an atom will exert on an electron in a chemical bond

  • increases left to right
  • decreases top to bottom
  • Fluorine is highest followed by oxygen, then nitrogen and chlorine are the same, followed by bromine, then carbon and sulfur are the same
Term
Some groups in the periodic table have specific names. What groups are they and what are their names?
Definition
  • Group IA or 1 - alkali metals, first column
  • Group IIA or 2 - alkaline earth metals, second column
  • Group VIA or 16 - chalcogens, 3rd to last column
  • Group VIIA or 17 - halogens, 2nd to last column
  • Group VIIIA or 18 - noble gases, last column
  • Groups 3-12 - transition metals, 3rd to 12th columns
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