Term
| Law of Conservation of Energy |
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Definition
| energy can be converted, but neither created nor destroyed |
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Term
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Definition
| energy due to position or composition |
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Term
Kinetic energy (KE = (1/2)m(v^2)
or "translational energy" |
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Definition
| energy due to motion, depends on mass of the object and its velocity |
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Term
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Definition
| specific conditions of energy transfer (dictates the division of work and heat) |
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Term
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Definition
| a property of the system that depends only on it's present state. (INDEPENDENT of past/future and pathway |
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Term
| Examples of state function |
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Definition
Energy. Enthalpy. Pressure. Volume.
(Heat and Work are NOT state functions) |
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Term
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Definition
| part of the universe we are focusing on |
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Term
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Definition
| everything other than the system |
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Term
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Definition
| energy flows OUT of system. dH is negative. |
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Term
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Definition
| energy flows INTO system. dH is positive. |
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Term
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Definition
| study of energy and its interconversions |
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Term
| First law of thermodynamics |
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Definition
Energy of the universe is constant.(same as law of conservation of energy)
change in system's internal energy = q + w |
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Term
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Definition
force applied over a given distance
w = -P * (delta)V |
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Term
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Definition
H = E + PV
at constant P, dH = q = "heat of reaction" |
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Term
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Definition
| energy required to raise temp of a substance (specify quantity, mole, gram, etc) by 1 degree K |
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Term
| Standard enthalpy of formation |
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Definition
change in enthalpy that accompanies formation of 1 mole of substance from its elements with all substances in their standard states
(Standard enthalpy of formation for an element in its standard state = 0) |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs without outside intervention. NEGATIVE dG. (higher dS and lower dH) |
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Term
| Change in Entropy (delta.S) |
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Definition
| a measure of the driving force behind the proces. Entropy = disorder. |
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Term
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Definition
| nature spontaneously proceeds (drives) towards states that have the highest probabilities of existing |
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Term
| Probability (and Positional probability) |
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Definition
depends on number of microstates (configurations for a particular arrangement (different ways that the arrangement can occur))
positional: relates to positional microstates of particles in space |
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Term
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Definition
Temperature is constant. (delta)E = 0 because energy of ideal gas only changes if temp changes. so q = -w.
System connect to a heat sink. |
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Term
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Definition
S = Kb*ln(#microstates corresponding to given state)
delta.S = Qrev/T |
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Term
| Second Law of Thermodynamics |
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Definition
| In any spontaneous process, there is an increase in entropy of the universe. |
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Term
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Definition
| uses electrical energy to produce chemical change |
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Term
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Definition
| involves forcing current thru a cell to produce a chemical change for which the cell potential is negative (electrical work causes an otherwise nonspontaneous chemical reaction to occur) |
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Term
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Definition
| electrode where oxidation occurs |
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Term
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Definition
| electrode where reduction occurs |
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Term
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Definition
| device in which chemical energy is changed to electrical energy (opposite of electrolysis process) |
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Term
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Definition
| electromotive force = pull, driving force (in volts) |
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