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Definition
| Equal to the number of protons found in an atom of that element. |
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Definition
| Equal to the number of neutrons and protons in an atom. |
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Definition
| An element having different numbers of neutrons, but the same number of protons. |
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Definition
| Electrons furthest from the nucleus. Further from the nucleus means weaker attractive forces between the protons and electrons and determines the reactivity of the atom. |
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Definition
| Ion with a positive charge (think of the 't' in cation as a + sign) |
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Definition
| An atom with equal numbers of protons and electrons. |
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Term
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Definition
| An atom with unequal numbers of protons and electrons. Could be positively or negatively charged. |
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Term
| A mole is a unit used to count particles and is represented by Avogadro's number _____________. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| For a given element, atoms with the same number of protons, but different number of neutrons. Isotopes generally have the same chemical properties. |
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Term
| The energy value of a quantum is given by the equation ___________. |
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Definition
E=hf
h=Planck's constant=6.626×10-34J•s
f=frequency of radiation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Ion with a negative charge (more e-s than protons) |
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Term
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Definition
| HCl, HBr, HI, H2SO4, HNO3, HClO4 |
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Term
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Definition
| The exchange of bonds between two reacting chemical species |
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Term
| A ____________ reaction results in a salt and water. |
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Definition
Neutralization
(Occurs when acid reacts with equal amount of base)
(Double-Replacement reaction) |
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Term
| A ___________ reaction results in an insoluble salt formation. |
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Definition
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Term
| Four Possible Orbitals of an Atom |
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Definition
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Term
| What does an s orbital look like? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does a p orbital look like? |
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Definition
a 'figure 8'
Can be on x, y, or z axes |
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Term
| What do d orbitals look like? |
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Definition
4 out of 5 of them look like '4 leaf clovers'
The fifth d orbital is shown in the picture:
[image] |
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Term
| Change the number of neutrons, you get a different _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Change the number of protons, you get a different ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Change the number of electrons, you get a different _______. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
An atom has unpaired electrons
*for DAT or MCAT, if element has odd# of e-, it is paramagnetic*
**BUT an even # of e- does not mean diamagnetic |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Explain why an even number of e- does not mean an element is diamagnetic? |
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Definition
Because e- would rather be alone than paired
(Ex: O- [He]2s22p4
BUT the p configuration has 3 orbitals
1 e- goes in each orbital before pairing
ie: 1 pair of electrons and 2 single electrons in the p configuration=paramagnetic |
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Term
| What are the five elements that are exceptions to electron configuration? |
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Definition
Cr, Mo, Cu, Ag, Au
*The exception is because they will half-fill their shells to equally distribute their e- |
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Term
| How is the weighted average of atomic masses of isotopes calculated? |
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Definition
percent1(mass1)+percent2(mass2)=weighted average
*the weighted average is the atomic mass shown on the periodic table and is a representation of naturally occuring isotopes |
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Term
| The phase change from a solid to a gas is called __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The phase change from a gas to a solid is called ____________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The phase change from a solid to a liquid is called ___________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The phase change from a liquid to a gas is called __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The phase change from a gas to a liquid is called __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The phase change from a liquid to a solid is called _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| What three atoms must be bonded to hydrogen to consititute a hydrogen bond? |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
278 Kelvins
(add 273 to °C to get Kelvins) |
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Definition
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Term
| 1 mol gas = _______ L @ STP |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
Pressure is inversely proportional to Volume
OR
Pressure is proportional to 1/Volume
pV=constant |
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Definition
Volume is directly proportional to Temperature
V/T=constant |
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Term
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Definition
Volume is directly proportional to the number of moles
V/moles=constant |
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