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| One of the products of respiration is: |
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| Pyruvate is a product of: |
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| Glycolysis produces a net gain of: |
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| The molecule which is broken down during glycolysis is: |
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| A carbon atom is removed from each pyruvate during: |
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| The transition reactions occur in : |
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| Acetyl COA has _____ cabon atoms. |
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| Oxaloacetate is a compound found in : |
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| From the citric acid cycle alone, a net gain of ____ ATP are produced. |
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| From the electron transport system alone, a net gain of ___ ATP is produced. (2, 4, 6, or 8 ) |
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| Metabolic water is an end product of: |
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| the electron transport system |
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| Fructose-1, 6-diphosphate is: |
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| more reactive than glucose |
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| A three carbon compound found in glycolysis is: |
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| The reactions of glycolysis take place in : |
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| the cytoplasm ( outside of an organelle) |
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| A net gain from transition reactions are: |
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| In the transistion reaction, ___ is involved. |
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| During the citric acid cycle, a molecule which is not produced is: ( glucose, carbon dioxide, FADH, NADH or oxa loacetate) |
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| During the energy harvest reaction of the cirtic acid cycle, most of the energy given off from the substrates is in the form of_____. |
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| Most of the cell's ATP is produced from : |
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| A "connector" molecule between the cirtric acid cycle and the electron transport system is: |
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| The final electron acceptor in the electron transport system is: |
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| The result of a lack of oxygen in the cell would be: |
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| a shutdown of the citric acid cycle and the electron transport system |
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| Fatty acids can enter the respiration reactions be becoming converted to: |
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| Glycerol enters the respiration reactions by becoming an intermediate of: |
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| During food defprication some amino acids are converted to: |
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| an intermediate of the citric acid cycle |
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| Pyruvate can be a direct source of: |
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| Most of the time, a major regulator of cellular respiration is the amount of: |
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| An enzyme which bonds with ATP and citric acid is: |
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| When a cell's energy demand is low: |
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| ATP, ADP and water levels increase |
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| The formation of lactic acid in animal muscle cells is the result of: |
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| a reaction that requires oxygen |
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| A process which occurs in muscle cells during periods of oxygen deprivation is: |
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| Glycolysis can be described as: |
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| All of the energy requirement of obligate anaerobes are by _____. |
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| Organisms which can survive using either aerobic or anaerobic respiration are called: |
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| In the process of alcoholic fermentation: |
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| According to the first law of thermodynamics: |
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| the amount of energy is the universe is constant, energy is neither created or destroyed by chemical reactions, and energy can change from one form to another |
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| Essentially, the first law of thermodynamics says that (in generalization): |
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| Energy can be neither created nor destroyed |
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| Which reaction is NOT an exergonic reaction: protien synthesis, digestion, fire, respiration, or movement? |
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| A chemical reaction will reach a dynamic equilibrium if: |
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| given enough time, it is reversible, nothing happens to the product after it is formed, and there are sufficient reactants |
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| Substrate is a synonym for: |
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| Enzymes are (what type of compound)? |
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| Enzymes (characteristics) are: |
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| very specific, catalysts, organic molecules, and have special shape that controls their activites (act as a catlyst) |
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| control the speed of a reaction, change shapes to facilitate certain reactions, and may place physical stress on the bonds of substrate |
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| The active site of an ezyme: |
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| is a groove or crevice on the side of the enzyme |
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| A molecule that gives up an electron is said to be: |
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| The removal of hydrogen from a compound is known as: |
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| releases a large amount of usable energy when the phsophate group is split off during hydrolysis. |
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| When NAD+ combines with hydrogen, the NAD+ is : |
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| Which of these substances ( a water soluble vitamin, an iron ion, glucose, NAD, or magnesium ion) would be unlikely to function as a coenzyme? |
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| Enzymatic reactions can be controlled by: |
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| the amount of availible substrate, concentration of products, temperature, and modification of reactive sites by substances that fit into the enzyme and later, their reactive site |
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| ATP and NADP+ are _____ agents between breakdown and synthesis pathways. |
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| FAD : A) an intermediate substrate of the Krebs cycle B) an electron acceptor C) an intermediate substrate of glycolysis D) a product of the transition reaction |
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| carbon dioxide : A) an intermediate substrate of the Krebs cycle B) an electron acceptor C) an intermediate substrate of glycolysis D) a product of the transition reaction |
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| Isocirtric Acid : A) an intermediate substrate of the Krebs cycle B) an electron acceptor C) an intermediate substrate of glycolysis D) a product of the transition reaction |
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| Phosphoglyceraldehyde : A) an intermediate substrate of the Krebs cycle B) an electron acceptor C) an intermediate substrate of glycolysis D) a product of the transition reaction |
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| Oxygen : A) an intermediate substrate of the Krebs cycle B) an electron acceptor C) an intermediate substrate of glycolysis D) a product of the transition reaction |
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| Oxaloacetate : A) an intermediate substrate of the Krebs cycle B) an electron acceptor C) an intermediate substrate of glycolysis D) a product of the transition reaction |
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| coenzyme A : A) a product of fermentation B) a controller for cellular respiration C)a reactant in the trasition reaction D)a product of chemiosmosis E) none of the above |
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| lactic acid : A) a product of fermentation B) a controller for cellular respiration C)a reactant in the trasition reaction D)a product of chemiosmosis E) none of the above |
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| metabolic water : A) a product of fermentation B) a controller for cellular respiration C)a reactant in the trasition reaction D)a product of chemiosmosis E) none of the above |
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| ATP : A) a product of fermentation B) a controller for cellular respiration C)a reactant in the trasition reaction D)a product of chemiosmosis E) none of the above |
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| ethanol : A) a product of fermentation B) a controller for cellular respiration C)a reactant in the trasition reaction D)a product of chemiosmosis E) none of the above |
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| citric acid : A) a product of fermentation B) a controller for cellular respiration C)a reactant in the trasition reaction D)a product of chemiosmosis E) none of the above |
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| glycolysis : A) a process occurring outside of organelles B) the end produce (substrate) of glycolysis C) not involved in respiration D) an oxygen-requiring process E) none of the above |
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| electron transport system : A) a process occurring outside of organelles B) the end produce (substrate) of glycolysis C) not involved in respiration D) an oxygen-requiring process E) none of the above |
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| phosphoglyceraldehyde : A) a process occurring outside of organelles B) the end produce (substrate) of glycolysis C) not involved in respiration D) an oxygen-requiring process E) none of the above |
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| water : A) a process occurring outside of organelles B) the end produce (substrate) of glycolysis C) not involved in respiration D) an oxygen-requiring process E) none of the above |
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| pyruvate : A) a process occurring outside of organelles B) the end produce (substrate) of glycolysis C) not involved in respiration D) an oxygen-requiring process E) none of the above |
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| citric acid cycle : A) a process occurring outside of organelles B) the end produce (substrate) of glycolysis C) not involved in respiration D) an oxygen-requiring process E) none of the above |
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