Term
| Although he conquered a vast area of the world by 336BC, Alexander the Great most likely died at an early age of a disease called ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| West Nile Virus is transmitted to humans by ___. |
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Definition
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| Although mosquitoes transmit West Nile Virus to humans, they usually get the virus themselves from what animals? |
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Definition
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Term
| Single-celled organisms too small to be seen without a microscope are referred to as ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| Prokaryotes have a ___ chromosome which is ___ surrounded by a membrane. |
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Definition
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Term
| The three basic bacterial shapes are: ___, ___, ___. |
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Definition
| coccus, bacillus, spirillium |
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Term
| Gastritis and stomach ulcers can be caused by a ___ called ___. |
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Definition
| bacterium; Helicobacter pylori |
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Term
| A stain that helps distinguish between a wide range of bacteria is called the ___ stain. |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the process of "prokaryotic fission" accomplish? |
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Definition
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Term
| Most familiar bacteria are called ___. They have an outer ___ to maintain their structure and provide protection. |
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Definition
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| The largest group of bacteria is metabolically described as ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| Gram Positive (purple stain) bacteria include ___ and ___. |
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Definition
| Lactobacillus and Streptococcus |
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Term
| Gram-negative (red stain) include ___, ___, ___. |
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Definition
| E.coli, Salmonella, Helicobacter |
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Term
| Pathogenic bacteria include some ___ strains: ___ and ___. |
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Definition
| E.coli; Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium tetanus |
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Term
| What does pathogenic mean? |
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Definition
| Something described as pathogenic infects an organism and multiples in it, thus causing disease |
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Term
| Lyme's disease and syphilis are both caused by bacteria with this shape ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| Both tetanus and botulism are caused by pathogenic bacteria (Clostridium) which can stay viable (alive) in the soil for long periods of time because it has a protective structure called a ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| In terms of behavior, most bacteria move toward ___; aerobes move toward ___; and photosynthetic bacteria move toward ___. |
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Definition
| nutrient-rich regions; oxygen; light |
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Term
| The ancient types of bacteria described as Archaebacteria have specialized abilities to survive and thrive in extreme conditions. Where would you find the following? Methanogens ___? Thermophiles ___? Halophiles ___? |
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Definition
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Term
| "A non-cellular infectious agent" is one definition of a ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| A virus cannot ___ itself without using a ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| A virus that commonly picks bacteria in which they reproduce themselves is called a ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| Adenoviruses are DNA viruses associated with ___ infections. |
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Definition
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Term
| Herpes viruses are DNA associated with ___, ___, ___, ___. |
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Definition
| cold sores, genital herpes, shingles, chicken pox |
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Term
| Several RNA viruses are associated with several diseases such as: ___, ___, ___, ___, ___, ___, ___, ___. |
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Definition
| polio, yellow fever, rabies, influenza, Ebola virus, HIV, measles, mumps |
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Term
| What is an epidemic? Give an example. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a pandemic? Give an example. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is sporadic? Give an example. |
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Definition
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| What is endemic? Give an example. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 5 deadliest world-wide infectious diseases (in terms of deaths per year)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name one of the bacterium types that is responsible for many cases of food poisoning in the United States each year. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a bacteria that we need in our intestine for good health? |
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Definition
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Term
| Sometimes after antibiotic treatment, when normal intestinal bacteria are destroyed, our doctor may recommend we supplement our intestinal bacteria by ___. |
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Definition
| eating yogurt containing living Lactobacillus or taking Lactobacillus tablets or capsules |
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Term
| Some plant diseases can be caused by particles with strands of RNA which are smaller than viruses called ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| Protists are different from Prokaryotes because they: ___, ___, ___. |
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Definition
| have a nucleus, have proteins associated with DNA, use microtubules in their cytoplasm and may contain chloroplasts |
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Term
| Historically, Protists have been a type of taxonomic ___ kingdom where organisms have been placed when scientists don't have a better place to put them. |
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Definition
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Term
| Giardia is a protist that forms cysts and may be in untreated water supplies and causes ___ which causes severe diarrhea. |
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Definition
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Term
| Euglena is characterized by chloroplasts; a long ___, a definite nucleus, and ___ that help it maintain a proper internal water balance. |
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Definition
| flagellum; contractile vacuoles |
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Term
| Trypanosomes are flagellates with an undulating membrane and responsible for such diseases as: ___ in South America which is contracted by humans with the bite of an infected ___, and ___ which is spread by the bite of ___. |
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Definition
| Chagas disease>Kissing Bug; African Sleeping Sickness>Tsetse flies |
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Term
| Amoeboid protozoans move by "false feet" which are technically referred to as ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| A calcium carbonate shell surrounds these amoeboid protozoans: ___ which may form thick layers at the bottom of the oceans and later be compacted in nature to form massive rock layers like the ___ of Dover, England. |
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Definition
| foraminiferans; White Cliffs |
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Term
| The simplest of the Eukaryotes (having a true nucleus) are the ___. |
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Definition
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Term
| The Paramecium is an example of a group called the ___. Their body is covered by rows of cilia that provide them with a means of movement through their environment and to direct food particles toward their ___ to be ingested. |
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Definition
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Term
| Ciliates undergo a sexual reproduction process called ___ which involves the exchange of genetic material from their multiple nuclei. |
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Definition
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Term
| The Dinoflagellates have two flagella, are able to photosynthesize their food, and sometimes grow rapidly in coastal waters causing the deaths of fish. Some are associated with huge fish kills that may be partially caused by ___. |
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Definition
| pollution of coastal waters |
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Term
| Malaria continues to be a major health problem in ___ and also in ___ to a lesser degree. In the former country alone, Malaria kills about a ___ people a year. It is spread by the bite of the ___(___). Four different species of ___ cause malaria. |
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Definition
| Africa; South America; million; Anopheles (Mosquito); Plasmodium |
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Term
| The protistan Toxoplasma can be contracted by humans by eating raw or undercooked meat with the Toxoplasma ___. Humans can also get this by breathing in _first blank_ in the dust from ___, causing a potential problem for women who are pregnant. |
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Definition
| cysts; cat feces in litter box |
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Term
| Microscopic and some macroscopic materials that float in the ocean that are important for many marine animals are referred to as ___. They may be divided into plant material ___ and animal material ___. Several algae are important in the _first blank_ including golden algae, yellow-green algae and diatoms which have two protective covers made from ___. |
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Definition
| plankton; phytoplankton; zooplankton; silica |
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Term
| Larger algae ___ form kelp which are abundant in temperate seas and along coastal beaches. |
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Definition
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Term
| Water molds like Saprolegnia often are responsible for ___. |
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Definition
| skin disorders of aquarium fish |
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Term
| A major function in nature for slime molds is ___. |
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Definition
| to break down dead plant material and leaf litter in forests and make the products avialable for new plants to utilize a nutrients |
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Term
| Having reading chapters 21 and 22, in a foreign country where sanitation may be a problem, how would you avoid potential personal health problems? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are ways you might by able to avoid or lessen your chances of getting food poisoning? |
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