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Definition
| the energy of montion, is used and work is performed |
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Definition
| the capacity to do work as a result of position or state |
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Definition
| potential energy stored in chemical bonds |
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Definition
| the study of energy and its transformations; governs all activities of the universe |
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| First Law of Thermodynamics |
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Definition
| energy cannot be created or destroyed, although it can be transferred or converted from one form to another |
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Definition
| does not exchange energy with its surroundings |
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| system that can exchange energy with its surroundings (e.g. biological systems) |
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| Second law of thermodynamics |
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Definition
| when energy is converted from one form to another, some usable energy is converted into heat that disperses into the surroundings |
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Definition
| the kinetic energy of randomly moving particles |
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| measure of randomness (of particles, etc.) |
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Definition
| the sum of all the chemical activities taking place in an organism |
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Definition
| includes various pathways in which complex molecules are synthesized from simpler substances |
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Definition
| includes the pathways in which larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones |
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Definition
| total potential energy of the system |
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Definition
| the amount of energy available to do work under the conditions of a biochemical reaction |
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| releases energy and is said to be a spontaneous reaction, from higher to lower free energy |
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Definition
| reaction in which there is a gain of free energy |
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Definition
| provides energy for diffusion? |
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Definition
| when rate of the reverse reaction equals the rate of the forward reaction |
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Definition
| when the thermodynamically favorable exergonic reaction provides the energy required to drive the thermodynamically unfavorable endergonic reaction |
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Definition
| remaining molecule when terminal phosphate is removed from ATP |
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| Phosophorylation Reaction |
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Definition
| when a phosphate group is transferred to some other compound |
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Definition
| one of most common accepter molecules |
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Definition
| hydrogen acceptor that is chemically similar to NAD+ but has an extra phosphate group |
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Definition
| nucleotide that accepts hydrogen atoms and their electrons (reduced form is FADH2) |
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| proteins that contain iron; the iron component accepts electrons to some other compound |
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Definition
| the energy required to break the existing bonds and begin the reaction |
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Definition
| substance on which enzyme acts |
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Definition
| Regions to which the substrate binds on an enzyme |
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| change caused by binding of substrate to the enzyme molecule |
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Definition
| most enzymes require these + apoenzyme component for catalytic activity |
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Definition
| coenzyme involved in the transfer groups derived from organic acids |
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Definition
| assembly line of enzyme reactions depedent on one another |
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Definition
| type of enzyme regulation in which the formation of a productinhibits an earlier reaction in the sequence |
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Definition
| receptor site on some enzymes that is not in the same place as the active site |
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Definition
| substances that affect enzyme activity by binding to allosteric sites |
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Definition
| when an inhibitor forms weak chemical bonds with the enzyme |
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Definition
| the inhibitor competes with the normal substrate for binding to the active site of the enzyme |
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Term
| Noncompetitive Inhibition |
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Definition
| the inhibitor binds with the enzyme at a site other than the active sit |
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Term
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Definition
| an inhibitor permanently inactivates or destroys an enzyme when the inhibitor combines with one of the enzyme's functional groups, either at the active site or elsewhere |
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