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Definition
| major carriers of genetic information in eukaryotes |
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Definition
| Material consisting of DNA and associated proteins that make up chromosomes |
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Definition
| Entire collection of an organism's genes |
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| project that coded and examined the entire collection of genes found in humans |
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Definition
| hereditary sequences affecting some characteristics of an organism |
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Definition
| Proteins that facilitate chromosome packaging |
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Definition
| Structure formed by positively charged histone and negatively charged DNA |
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Definition
| nonhistone proteins that help maintain chromosome structure |
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Definition
| group of proteins required for chromosome compaction; bind to DNA and wrap it into coiled loops that are compacted into a chromsome |
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Definition
| the stages through which a cell passes from one cell division to the next |
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Definition
| Phase in cell cycle involving mitosis and cytokinesis |
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Definition
| the time when no cell division is occuring, most of cell's life in this phase |
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Definition
| Phase that includes growth and normal metabolism, typically longest phase |
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| Synthesis Phase (S Phase) |
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Definition
| Phase during which DNA replicates and histone proteins are synthesized so cells can make duplicates of its chromosomes |
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| Second Gap Phase (G2 Phase) |
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Definition
| Phase that includes increased protein synthesis and final steps in cell's preparation for division |
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Definition
| the nuclear division that produces two nuclei containing chromosomes identical to the parental nucleus |
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Definition
| first stage of mitosis; begins with chromosome compaction and duplicated chromosomes become visible |
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Definition
| pair of identical double stranded DNA sequences |
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Definition
| center constricted region attaching sister chromatids |
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Definition
| Ring shaped protein that physically links sister chromatids along their arms and concentrated at the centromere |
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Term
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Definition
| multiprotein complex to which microtubules bind |
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Term
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Definition
| formed by microtubules elongating from poles of the cell |
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| Microtubule-Organizing Center |
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Definition
| region at poles of cell that microtubules extend from to form the miotic spindle |
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Definition
| consist of fibrils that surround the centrioles |
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Definition
| when the nuclear encelope fragments, nucleolus disappears, and miotic spindle is completely assembled |
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Term
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Definition
| when duplicate chromosomes line up on the metaphase plate during metaphase |
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Definition
| the midplane of the cell where duplicated chromosomes line up during metaphase |
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Definition
| extend from each ple to the equatorial region of the cell, where they generally lap |
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Term
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Definition
| extend from each pole and attach to the kinetochores |
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Definition
| number and appearance of chromosomes in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell |
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Definition
| sister chromatids separate and chromosomes move toward respective poles |
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Definition
| Two separate nuclei form and conditions return to those of interphase |
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Definition
| the division of the cytoplasm to form two daughter cells |
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Definition
| formed by contractile ring in cytokinesis to form two separate daughter cells |
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Term
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Definition
| partition formed in equatorial region of plant cells for the purpose of cytokinesis |
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Definition
| process in which one prokaryotic cell reproduces asexually by dividing into two offspring cells |
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Definition
| Genetic signals in cell-cycle that ensure all events of a stage have been completed before the next stage begins |
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Definition
| enzymes that activate or inactivate other proteins by adding phosphate groups to them |
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Definition
| protein kinases involve in controlling the cell cycle |
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Definition
| regulatory proteins that cyclin-dependent kinases bind to in order to become active |
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Definition
| when a specific cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) associates with a specific cyclin |
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Definition
| protein known to be a major inhibitor of cell division |
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Term
Anaphase-promoting complex
(APC) |
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Definition
| enzyme complex activated by M-Cdk at the end of metaphase |
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Term
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Definition
| group of plant hormones that promotes mitosis both in normal growth and in wound healing |
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Term
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Definition
| proteins which are active at extremely low concentrations and stimulate mitosis in some animal cells |
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