Term
| What is the MOA of amantadine? |
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Definition
- Blocks viral penetration/uncoating (M2 protein)
- Release dopamine from nerve terminals
- "A man to dine" takes off his coat
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Term
| What is amantadine clinically used for? |
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Definition
- Prophylaxis/treatment for influenza A
- Parkinson's disease
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Term
| Whatis the toxicity of amantadine? |
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Definition
- Ataxia
- dizziness
- slurred speech
Amantadine blocks influenza A and causes problems with the cerebellA |
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Term
| What resistance do viruses have against amantadine? |
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Definition
- Mutated M2 protein
- 90% of all influenza A strains resistant to amantadine. Not used
- THEN WHY THE HELL DO WE NEED TO KNOW IT
- Rimantidine is deriviative w/ fewer CNS SE. Doesn't cross BBB
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Term
| What is the MOA of zanamivir and oseltamivir? |
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Definition
- Blocks neuraminidase
- Decreases release of progeny virus
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Term
| What is zanamivir, oseltamivir used for? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the MOA of Ribavirin? |
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Definition
- Competitively inhibits IMP dehydrogenase so...
- Inhibits synthesis of guanine nucleotides
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Term
| What is ribavarin used for? |
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Definition
- RSV (respiratory syncytial virus)
- Chronic hepatitis C
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Term
| What is the toxicity of Ribavirin? |
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Definition
Hemolytic anemia
Severe teratogen |
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Term
| What is the MOA of acyclovir? |
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Definition
- Monophosphorylated by HSV/VZV thymidine kinase
- Guanosine analog
- Triphosphate formed by cellular enzymes
- Inhibits viral DNA polymerase by chain termination
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Term
| What is acyclovir used for? |
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Definition
HSV, VZV, EBV
HSV induced mucotaneous and genital lesions and encephalitis
Prophylaxis in immunocompromised pts
Herpes zoster--> use famiciclovir
No effect on latent forms
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Term
| What is the toxicity of acyclovir? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the resistance that viruses may form against acyclovir? |
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Definition
| Lack of viral thymidine kinase |
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Term
| What is the MOA of gnaciclovir? |
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Definition
- 5' monophosphate formed by CMV viral kinase or HSV/VZV thymidine kinase
- Guanosine analog
- Triphosphate formed by cellular kinases
- Inhibits viral DNA polymerase
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Term
| What do you use ganciclovir for? |
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Definition
| CMV, especially in immunocompromised pts |
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Term
| What is the toxicity of ganciclovir? |
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Definition
- Leukopenia
- neutropenia
- thrombocytopenia
- renal toxicity
- More toxic to host enzymes than acyclovir
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Term
| What forms of resistance can viruses have against ganciclovir? |
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Definition
- Mutated CMV DNA polymerase or lack of viral kinase
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Term
| What is the MOA of foscarnet? |
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Definition
- Viral DNA polymerase inhibitor that binds to phosphorylate-binding site of the enzyme.
- Does not require activation by viral kinase
- FOScarnet=pyroFOSphate analog
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Term
| What is foscarnet used for? |
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Definition
| CMV retinitis in immunocompromised patients when ganciclovir fails; acyclovir-resistant HSV |
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Term
| What is the toxicity of foscarnet? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the resisitance viruses can form against foscarnet? |
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Definition
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