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| Includes all animals having a body made up of differentiated cells arranged in tissues. Organs + digestive chamber, separated cell layers that differentiate into various tissues. Nervous system + muscles. |
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| Becomes fixed as they develop. During development, relatively flexible framework upon which cells can move about and be reorganized, making complex structures possible |
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| Animals lack them, and plants/other orgs have them |
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| Facilitate movement but reduce structural support |
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| Where animals cells exist, forms strong fibers outside of cell and major component of bone and cartilage. Allows interaction between cells |
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| Extracellular matrix composed of... |
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Definition
| Collagen and elastic glycoproteins |
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| Shells, bones and spicules formed by... |
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Definition
| Calcification of collagen and glycoproteins |
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| Spicules can be made of... |
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Definition
| Protein spogin, calcium carbonate, silicate crystals |
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| Cellular communication occurs via... |
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Definition
| Tight junctions, gap junctions, desmosomes |
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Term
| Couple characteristics of life |
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Definition
| Sexual reproduction, motility whether for locomotion or movement to acquire prey |
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Term
| Sessile species are motile in that... |
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Definition
| Bristled appendages obtain food, larvae usually can swim |
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Definition
| Animals that must ingest food because they cannot fix their own carbon or synthesize essential organic molecules from inorganic sources |
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Definition
| Related genes that determine basic structure/orientation of an organism. Important for proper placement of segment structures during development. Most linked together in sequential cluster in order of expression pattern along cephalo-caudal axis of organism |
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Definition
| Protein with regulatory function. Single prot can act as repressor on one gene and activator on another |
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Definition
| DNA sequence known as a homeobox. |
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| Transcription factors that bind to specific nucleotide seqs on DNA called enhancers, where they activate/repress genes |
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| Region of DNA that is bound to by the Hox proteins. 60aa long encoded by homeobox. Folds into helix-turn-helix motif, and stabilized by 3rd helix |
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| Mutation in Hox gene of D. Melanogaster = legs growing instead of antennae |
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Definition
| Free-living unicellular eukaryote with distinctive cell morphology (ovoid/spherical cell with single apical flagellum surrounded by collar of 30-40 microvilli) |
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Definition
| Move flagellum to create water currents to propel water/trap bacteria and detritus against collar. |
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| The choanoflagellate feeding mechanism... |
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Definition
| Provides a crtical link within global carbon cycle |
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Term
| Choanoflagellates and evolution means... |
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Definition
| Origins of multicellularity in animals, and closest living relative of animals. Last unicellular ancestor of animals |
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| Sessile, of 'porifera'. Aquatic, largely marine with great morphological diversity. Closest relative of choanoflagellates |
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| Gelatinous matrix as connective tissue, with mesophyl between 2 thin layers of cells |
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| Sponge pores in walls to allow water flow into sponge |
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Definition
| Unique in that they have differentiated cells that can transform into other types |
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Definition
| constant water flow for food/oxygen and elimination. Shapes are adapted to maximize efficiency of water flow |
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Definition
| Bacteria and other food particles in the water |
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Definition
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| Respiration and excretion occurs by... |
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| Sponge species that host phoosynthesizing microorganisms to produce more food/O2 than they can consume |
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Definition
| Carnivores, preying on small crustaceans |
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Definition
| Hermaphroditic, with reproductive organs normally associated with both sexes. Capable of sexual and asexual reproduction |
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| About 550 million years ago |
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