Term
|
Definition
| Induction; Benzodiazepines, barbituates, ketamine, propofol, etomidate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| NO, halothane, isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane |
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Term
|
Definition
| Used for tracheal intubation and maximizing surgical conditions |
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Term
|
Definition
| fentanyl, remifantanal; control autonomic response to noxious stimuli |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Control autonomic response to noxious stimuli and maintain blood pressure/blood flow to essential organs |
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Term
|
Definition
| Patient feels no pain but has memory of the events |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Autonomic dysfunction because GABAergic neurons are inhibited before excitatory ones; laryngospasm, vomitting, incontinence, excited/delirious mental state, irregular respiration, patient is amnestic |
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|
Term
| Stage 3 - Surgical Anesthesia |
|
Definition
| Plane 1 - Eyeballs rolling, then fixed, Plane 2 - Loss of corneal and laryngeal reflexes, Plane 3 - Pupils dilate, loss of pupillary reflex, Plane 4 - Intercostal paralysis and shallow abdominal respiration |
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Term
|
Definition
| Patient requires circulatory and respiratory support - BAD - OVERDOSE |
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|
Term
| Relationship between partial pressure and solubility in tissue |
|
Definition
| INVERSE - higher partial pressure = less soluble |
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|
Term
| Preferential solubility of halothane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Minumum Alveolar Concentration / ED50 |
|
Definition
| Alveolar concentration at which 50% of exposed patients are immobilized (lower MAC = higher potency and less crowding of respired gases) |
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|
Term
| CV adverse effects of volatile anesthetics - BLOOD PRESSURE |
|
Definition
| Isoflurane, sevoflurane and desflurane decrease SVR / Halothane and enflurane decrease CO --> HYPOTENSION |
|
|
Term
| CV adverse effects of volatile anesthetics - HEART RATE |
|
Definition
| Halothane stimulates vagus nerve --> decreases HR; Isoflurane and desflurane stimulate sympathetics --> increase HR |
|
|
Term
| Pulmonary adverse effects of volatile anesthetics |
|
Definition
| Patients breathe shallower and faster (increased apneic threshold, increased respiratory rate, decreasd tidal volume, decreased hypoxic response) |
|
|
Term
| CNS adverse effects of volatile anesthetics |
|
Definition
| Decreased sympathetic tone (hypotension), increased apneic threshold, cerebral vasodilation and increased ICP |
|
|
Term
| Toxicity of methoxyflurane |
|
Definition
| Renal failure due to fluoride ions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Induces p450, produces trifluoroacetic acid in 20% of patients --> halothane hepatitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Induces p450, makes compound A in 5% |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inhibits methionine synthetase and is contraindicated in pregnancy |
|
|
Term
| Malignant hyperthermia treatment |
|
Definition
| 5% still die, give dantrolene sodium (muscle relaxant) |
|
|
Term
| Sequelae of malignant hyperthermia |
|
Definition
| Tachycardia, rhabdomyolysis, hypercarbia and metabolic acidosis |
|
|
Term
| Decreased respiration with... |
|
Definition
| Barbituates, opiods, propofol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Benzodiazepines, ketamine |
|
|
Term
| Adverse effects of opiods |
|
Definition
| Post-op nausea, vomiting, muscle rigidity, bradycardia, urinary retention, constipation |
|
|
Term
| Quirk of desflurane metabolism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hx of nausea/vomitting with anesthesia |
|
Definition
| Give pre-op propofol for it's anti-emetic properties |
|
|
Term
| Considerations for traumatic injury requiring surgery |
|
Definition
| Need to keep CO and BP up - etomidate is best, along with epi and NE |
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