Term
| How does the del know which strand is the correct one in mismatch repair |
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Definition
| In gram negative bacteria transient hemimethylation distinguishes strands. |
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Term
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Definition
| Has secondary structure with internal base pairing |
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Term
| Does it matter which strand of DNA the RNA is copied from? |
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Definition
| The template strand is used to code the RNA. The coding strand tells you what protein strand will be. |
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Term
| Why use Uracil in RNA and Thymidine in DNA |
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Definition
| C-U change takes place frequently by deamination. Have special repair mechanism. IF u were used all the time in DNA instead of T the cell wouldn't be able to detect theU created chemically from C and remove it. |
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Term
| Which enzyme doesn't need a primer to start synthesis but can't proofread |
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Definition
| RNA polymerase. Since RNA short lived mistakes aren't as important |
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Term
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Definition
| TATAAT Box that tells enzyme where to start transcription. |
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Term
| What are the steps of post transcription modification |
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Definition
1) capped at 5' end 2. polyadenylated at 3' end
3. Spliced. |
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Term
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Definition
| A 5'-5'linkage of 5'ost nucletodie to 7-metylguanosine. Protects RNA from degredation |
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Term
| How does polyadenylation work? |
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Definition
| An enzyme detects he AAUAA cleavage signal and another enzyme adds AAAAAA-0h.This promotes export from the nucleus. |
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Term
| What does the stem loop structure do |
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Definition
| The RNA synthesis ends when RNA is mae that forms a hairpin and shuts down syntehsis |
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Term
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Definition
| Removing intros and allowing exons to form the correct protein. |
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Term
| Why does DNA hack introns |
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Definition
| Exons can combine in different ways to make new proteins. |
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Term
| How does the splicing enzyme know where to cut |
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Definition
| The RNA has a code on both ends of the exons that tell where to cut. |
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Term
| What if there is a mutation in the splice site? |
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Definition
| you wont splice correctly. Hemophilia. |
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Term
| What is alternative splicing |
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Definition
| When one gene is spliced in different ways to make different proteins. |
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Term
| What controls transcription rate |
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Definition
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Term
| Basal transcription protein form when |
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Definition
| When the Tata box is bound by Tata binding protein |
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Term
| The upstream enhancer binds to what ? |
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Definition
| Activators that enhance transcription |
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Term
| What are examples of activator proteins? |
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Definition
| Steroid hormone receptors, smads, or other factors. |
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Term
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Definition
| A coactivater binds and activator to the basal machinery wsich increase transcription rate |
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Term
| What happens to Hiltons to change their structure and unfold chromatin |
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Definition
| acetylatin of lysine on Hiltons neutralizes the charge which allows for active transcription |
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Term
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Definition
| Hiltons acetyl transferases turn on transcription and Hiltons deacetylase turns off |
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Term
| What is a mechanism turns of DNA for a long time |
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Definition
| Methylation of Cs. DNA methycytosine |
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Term
| Maternal care at birth affects behavior across generations |
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Definition
| Methylation caused by mother can effect gene expression of offspring for generations despite being genetically identical |
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Term
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Definition
| Micro RNAs bind to messenger RNA and cause RNA to be degraded or stop translation. |
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Term
| MicroRNA can affect how many genes? |
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Definition
| microRNAs regulate groups of genes and can regulate 50% of genes in a genome. |
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Term
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Definition
| Small interfering RNA is synthesized to block expression of genes to therapeutically treat patients |
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Term
| What do northern blots do |
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Definition
| RNA is seperat3ed by size and detected with a rpobe. Exports hybridization of RNA-DNA. Used t detect level of expressing of genes. |
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Term
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Definition
| A chip where each gene of an entire genome is spooted individually on a chip. If you hydbirize a pool of mRNA and compare it across samples. Use reverse transcriptase to to convert RNA to DNA. |
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Term
| What do northern blots do |
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Definition
| RNA is seperat3ed by size and detected with a rpobe. Exports hybridization of RNA-DNA. Used t detect level of expressing of genes. |
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Term
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Definition
| A chip where each gene of an entire genome is spooted individually on a chip. If you hydbirize a pool of mRNA and compare it across samples. Use reverse transcriptase to to convert RNA to DNA. |
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Term
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Definition
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