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Details

Psych 101, Gender and Sexuality
For a course based on the book "Psychology in Modules" (paraphrase)
22
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
04/30/2013

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Sex
Definition
Male and Female; refers strictly to the biological components and classifications. (DNA, genitals, etc)
Term
Gender
Definition
Term refers to the psychological aspects of being male or female; beyond biological sex to personal interpretation.
Term
Sex Chromosomes
Definition
23rd pair on the DNA strand; female XX, male Xy.
Term
Gonads
Definition
Glands that produce sex hormones; ovaries and testes.
Term
Hormones; Male vs Female
Definition

Females have higher progesterone and estrogen

 

Males have higher testosterone (androgen)

Term
Secondary Sex Characteristics
Definition

Traits that differ between the sexes but are not reproductive in nature.

 

Ex) Breasts or beards.

Term
Gender Identity
Definition
Sense of belonging, either male or female.
Term
Androgynous Individuals
Definition
Have attributes of both male and female; such as someone who was born with both ovaries and testes, or genitals that are not clearly defined.
Term
Transgender
Definition
Experiencing one's psychological gender as different from one's physical sex.
Term
Gender Identity Disorder (GID)
Definition
Strong discomfort with one's sex.
Term
Disorders of Sexual Development
Definition
Development of chromosonal, gonadal or atomical sex is atypical. (like the kid born with both parts)
Term
Biological Theory of Gender Development
Definition
Looks at the genes, hormones, brain structures and functions. Especially interested in the difference between infants of the opposite sex. Studies show early preference for the typical boy/girl toys.
Term
Evolutionary Theory of Gender Development
Definition

The sexes differ as part of natural selection, based on the roles they needed to fill.

 

Note: explains why women want quality mates while men want quantity.

Term

Social Cognitive Approach

(Gender and Sexuality)

Definition

Focuses on how children are subconsciously nurtured into one gender schema or the other.

 

The child internalizes information about gender and the way the environment reinforces gender behavior. 

 

Learned through reward, punishment, modeling and obsevational learning.

Term
Social Role Theory
Definition

The social and cultural institutions that affect the psychological concept of gender identity.

 

Analytical observation; hard to change. Acknowledge difference due to division of labor, and what is un/acceptable for each gender.

 

Source of gender roles and stereotypes, internalized and used to create expectations for life goals and imbalanced social structure.

Term
Cognitive Differences Between Sexes
Definition
  • No difference in over-all intellectual ability, yet discrepency in science and math fields
  • Women outperform Men in verbal ability
  • Men outperform Women in visuospatial ability
Term
Gender Similarities Hypothesis
Definition
Males and Females more similar than different
Term

Gender and Aggression;

Is one gender more aggressive than the other?

Definition

Agression: any behavior intended to harm others

  • Men are more overtly aggressive (conduct disorder more than 3x more likely in men)
  • Women more rationally aggressive (social aggression)
Term
Sexual Orientation
Definition

Direction of erotic interest.

 

(This does not just mean behavior)

Term
Alfred Kinsey
Definition
  • first sex researcher; father of sexology (ca. 1948)
  • studied bisexuality (reported 12% of men and 7% of women to be bisexual)
  • studied unfaithfulness (reported 50% of married men to be so, but modern research suggests 25% of men and 15% of women)
Term
Fetish
Definition
An object or activity that arouses somone sexually
Term
Paraphilias
Definition

Sexual disorders that feature recurrent sexually arousing fantasies, urges or behaviors involving non-human objects, suffering or humiliation of oneself or others, or children and non-consenting adults.

 

Considered to be caused by a form of classical conditioning.

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