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Thinking, manipulating and transforming info in memory.
*Organization-Speed
*Often less cumbersome than verbal
*Help reflect the world as we see it |
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| Ideas that represent a group of similar objects events, ideas, or people |
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| The manipulation of mental representation of info |
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| Internal, picture-like representations (things or events) |
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Thinking of ways to reach a goal.
-Identify steps to reach the goal |
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| Try different ways until 1 works aka mechanical |
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| Step by step procedures that guarantee a solution ( Can be labor intensive) |
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| Educated guess that is based on your past experience |
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More detailed examples things.
Typically highly represented example of a concept |
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| The ability to create and combine ideas in a new way |
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| Solution comes suddenly and often novel (vs. Strategy based) |
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tendency to approach problems from only one way
But failure to see from new perspective can slow problem solving too |
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| Tendency to search from into that supports what we already think. |
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| Using and Misusing Heuristics |
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| Two generally helpful shortcuts can lead the smartness into dumb |
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| Representative Heuristics |
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| Judging how likely something is by how well it represents (matches) prototype |
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| The easier it is to think of an example, the more likely we are to think it happened |
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| We are often more confident than we are correct! We overestimate accuracy of our beliefs/judgements |
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| The Belief Perseverance Phenomenon |
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Tendency to cling to initial concept even after they were formed or has been discredited
*Hard to change someones opinion* |
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| conservation of resources/energy (short cuts) often help- sometimes gets us in trouble |
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| Tendency to search for into that supports what we already think and to ignore or distort info that contradicts our beliefs |
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