Memory

-Active system that stores, organizes, alters and recovers information

-encoding

-storage

-retrieval

The three systems of memory

-Sensory

-short-term

-long term

each system differs in span and duration

Span and Duration

span- how much information eacah system can hold

duration- over how long a period of time that a system can hold information

Digit Span Test-test of attention and short term memory

factors affecting :chunking, type of material, rythm, rate, distraction, age, physical/physiological conditioning

Encoding

-recency/ primary effects

-rehearsal

-levels of processing

-personal reference/background

-emotional factors

Rehearsal

-maintenance

-eleborative

Levels of processing

-visual

-acoustic

-semantic

-As new LTM memories are formed, old memories are updated, changed, lost, or revised.

-Information in LTM is arranged according to rules, images, categories, symbols, similarity, formal meaning, or personal meaning.

As new LTM memories are formed, old memories are updated, changed, lost or revised

   -constructive processing: process of reorganizing or updating long-term memories, gaps "filled-in" using logic, reasoning or adding new information

-Pseudo Memory: false memories that a person believes are true or accurate

-some things get through

-sensory memory-> short term memory

7+- things can be rememberd

-Procedural memory-> how to throw a ball (hippocampus)

Declarative memory (Last night I ate...)

   -Semantic Memory-> more personal, learning   things in class, more immune to forgetting, less emotinoal

    -Episodic Memory-> linked to a time or place, first day in college, re-experience events, more easily forgotten, connected to emotion

1. Encoding -putting info in short term-> long-term wrong

2. Lack of Use

3. Lack of memory cues (dependent)

4. Repression- don't want to think about it, unconcious

5. Suppression- active, ocncious repression

6. Interference (see new card)

7. Memory Decay

5. Interference

   -proactive

    -retroactive

- proactive:

learn A -> (interference) learn   B =memory loss B (old learn interferes with new memory)

- retroactive :

Learn A (interference) Learn B =memory loss A (new learn interferes with old memory) 

Memory retrieval is influence by body state

   -learning state = retrieval -> retrieval improve

-Hippocampus: short term-> long-term

-operational memory not part of Hippocampus

forgetting events that occured before an injury or trauma

-If you are constantly using this neural connection it wiill get stronger

-can be long lasting

-effeciency is enhanced

-hippocampus can continually produce new neurons

-LTP depends on NMDA receptors

during 

-ties together messages of two neurons

-Ligand and Voltage

Can you remember your first kiss?

Can you remember your fourth kiss?

Where were you 9/11/01

Where were you 10/4/08