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Gen Chem Chapter 6: Thermochemistry
mcat gen chem
30
Chemistry
Undergraduate 4
07/09/2009

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Term
isolated system:
Definition
cannot exchange energy nor matter
Term
closed system:
Definition
can exchange energy but not matter
Term
open system:
Definition
can exchange energy and matter
Term
isothermal
Definition
temperature remains constant
Term
adiabatic:
Definition
no heat exchange occurs
Term
isobaric:
Definition
pressure remains constant
Term
temperature is...
Definition
a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a system
Term
heat is...
Definition
a specific form of energy which can leave or enter a system
Term
equation for heat absorbed or released in a given process:
Definition
q=mcdelta T
Term
heat capacity =
Definition
mass times specific heat
Term
state function examples:
Definition
pressure, temperature, volume, enthalpy, entropy, free energy, and internal energy
Term
standard conditions:
Definition
25 degrees C 1 atm and 1 M concentrations
Term
STP is...
Definition
NOT equal to standard conditions!
Term
STP:
Definition
0 degrees Celsius and 1 atm
Term
change in enthalpy of a process is equal to
Definition
the heat absorbed or given off by the system
Term
enthalpy assumes
Definition
constant pressure
Term
change in Hrxn =
Definition
Hproducts-Hreactants
Term
standard heat of formation:
Definition
deltaHf = enthalpy change if one mole of a compound were formed from its elements in their standard state
Term
standard heat of formation for a element in its standard state is
Definition
zero
Term
standard heat of reaction
Definition
delta H rxn = sum of delta H products - sum of delta H reactants
Term
hess's law
Definition
enthalpies of reactions are additive
Term
heat of vaporization
Definition
heat required to transform into a gas
Term
bond energy
Definition
also called bond dissociation energy; energy required to break a particular type of bond in one mole of gaseous molecules
Term
entropy is a measure of
Definition
randomness or disorder
Term
gibbs free energy is
Definition
the maximum amount of energy released by a process that is available to perform work
Term
h -
s +
Definition
spontaneous at all temps
Term
H +
S -
Definition
nonsponteanous at all temps
Term
H +
S +
Definition
spontaneous at high temps
Term
H -
S -
Definition
spontaneous at low temps
Term
delta g knot of any element is
Definition
zero!
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