Term
| when elements combine to form a compound... |
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Definition
| a whole new set of physical and chemical properties arises |
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Term
| exceptions to the octet rule: |
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Definition
1. hydrogen-2 valence e
2. lithium-2 valence e
3. beryllium-4 valence e
4. boron- 6 valence e
5. elements beyond the second row who can have more than 8 ex: phosphorus and sulfur |
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Definition
| atoms are held together by electrostatic forces--transfer of electrons from one with greater electron affinity |
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Definition
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characteristics of ionic compounds:
____ melting points
____ boiling points
____ conduct electricity |
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Definition
| high, high, can-- only in liquid an aqueous state |
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Term
characteristics of ionic compounds:
____ melting points
____ boiling points
____ conduct electricity |
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Definition
| high, high, can-- only in liquid an aqueous state |
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Definition
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| covalent compounds have ___ intermolecular forces |
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Definition
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characteristics of covalent compounds:
___ melting points
____ conduct electricity |
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Definition
| low, can NOT in liquid or aqueous sate |
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Term
| triple bond is ___ than a double bond (length) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| energy required to separate two bonded atoms |
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Term
| triple bond is ___ than a double bond (strength) |
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Definition
| stronger, therefore more bond energy |
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Term
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Definition
| number of valence electrons - 1/2bonding - nonbonding |
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Term
| formal charge of an ion or molecule is equal to |
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Definition
| the sum of the formal charges on the individual atoms |
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Term
| atoms beyond the third period can have |
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Definition
| more than 8 valence electrons |
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Term
| equation for dipole moment: |
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Definition
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Term
| coordinate covalent bond: |
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Definition
| shared electron pair comes from the lone pair of one of the atoms in the molecule |
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Term
| coordinate bonds are typically found in |
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Definition
| lewis acid-base compounds |
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Term
| molecule with a net dipole is called |
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Definition
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Term
| molecular orbital describes the |
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Definition
| probability of finding the bonding electrons |
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Term
| types of intermolecular forces |
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Definition
1. ion-dipole
2. dipole-dipole
3. hydrogen bonding
4. dispersion forces |
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Term
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Definition
| dipole-dipole and dispersion |
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Term
| dipole-dipole are present in |
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Definition
| liquid and solid phases---negligible in gas |
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Term
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Definition
| usually strong form of dipole dipole--- can be intra or inter molecular |
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Term
| hydrogen bonded molecules have ___ melting points |
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Definition
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Term
| hydrogen bonding is important in the behavior of |
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Definition
| water, alcohols, amines, and carboxylic acids |
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Definition
| unequal sharing of electrons causing rapid polarization and counterpolarization |
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Term
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Definition
| another name for dispersion forces- short lived dipoles |
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Term
| larger molecules posses ___ dispersion forces |
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Definition
| greater-- bc electrons are far from nucleus and easier to polarize |
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Definition
| dispersion forces--- why they can become liquid at low temperatures |
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Definition
| valence shell electron pair repulsion theory |
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Definition
| predicts the molecular geometry of covalently bonded molecules |
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Definition
| predicts the molecular geometry of covalently bonded molecules |
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Term
| linear: angle between electron pairs |
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Definition
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Term
| trigonal planar: angle between electron pairs |
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Definition
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| tetrahedral: angle between electron pairs |
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Definition
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| trigonal bipyramidal: angle between electron pairs |
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Definition
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| octahedral: angle between electron pairs |
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Definition
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| trigonal pyramidal: angle between electron pairs |
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Definition
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Definition
| takes into account lone pairs |
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Definition
| only takes into account atoms |
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Term
| if you increase the number of lone pairs you ____ the angle between bonds |
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Definition
| decrease-- electron clouds push down on bond angle and condense it |
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Term
| order of strength of intermolecular forces: |
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Definition
| strongest-- ion dipole, hydrogen, dipole-dipole, dispersion-- weakest |
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Definition
| force responsible for breaking apart ions |
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Term
| ion dipole ___ boiling point |
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Definition
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Term
| are dipole dipole forces permanent? |
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Definition
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| are dispersion forces permanent? |
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Definition
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Definition
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| branched molecules have a |
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Definition
| lower Boiling point (BLB) |
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Term
| increase the molecular weight... |
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Definition
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Term
| hydrogen that is participating in hydrogen bonding to NOF must |
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Definition
| already be connected to an NOF |
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Term
| surface tension is due to... |
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Definition
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