Term
| Five Regions of the South Asia Realm |
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Definition
•India
•Pakistan
•Bangladesh
•Mountainous North
•Southern Islands |
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Term
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Definition
| Partition of British India into India and Pakistan |
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Term
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Definition
| East Pakistan becomes Bangladesh |
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Term
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Definition
•Moved capital 750 miles further
•West did not help East after 1971 cyclone (killed 600,000)
•1,500 miles apart
•War left 3 million dead |
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Term
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Definition
•Gift of the Indus River
•177 million
•Karachi 13.3 million
•Lahore 7.2 million
•Dispute with India over Kashmir
•Islamabad – forward capital
•Nuclear power |
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Term
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Definition
•Islamic Republic (2nd largest Islamic population in world)
•77% Sunni
•Islamic fundamentalism is strong
•Use of Islamic Sharia courts
•Leaders use as a centripetal force
•Harbored (?) Osama bin Laden |
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Definition
•35% Urbanized
•Low Income Economy
•Economic Liberalization Began In 1990 To Boost Foreign And Domestic Private Investment.
•Cotton-based Textile Industry and Rice |
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Term
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Definition
•Supports a Large Military Establishment (Emerging Regional Power)
•Democratic governments give way to military rule
•Is a Marchland: an area of uncertain boundaries through which armies and refugees, and migrants have moved |
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Term
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Definition
- Punjab
- Sindh
- Baluchistan
- North West Frontier
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Term
Pakistan Regions:
Punjab, Pakistan |
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Definition
•Core Area, 55% of population, almost 100 million
•Speak Punjabi
•Intensive wheat production
•Lahore is cultural focus of the country
•Islamabad is capital |
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Term
Pakistan Regions:
Sindh, Pakistan |
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Definition
•Karachi
•25% of Pakistan’s population in Sind
•Cotton textiles, wheat
•Received many refugees in 1947
•Talk of secession, particularly after assassination of Benazir Bhutto in 2007, who gave Sindh a voice in national affairs |
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Term
Pakistan Regions:
NW Frontier, Pakistan |
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Definition
•Peshawar is major city
•Mountainous
•Tribal areas under nominal control of government
•Pro-Taliban area
•Pushtun refugees from Afghanistan |
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Term
Pakistan Regions:
Baluchistan |
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Definition
•Arid desert
•Baluchistan province in Iran
•Shi’ite
•Sparsely populated (9.5 million)
•Oil, coal, and natural gas
•Development of port of Gwadar
•Baluchi people also in Iran
•Secession movement (Baluchistan Liberation Army) |
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Term
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Definition
•Faced with the Choice of Joining Either Hindu India or Muslim Pakistan (75% Muslim, but Hindu Maharaja)
•Pakistan wants a plebiscite, but India does not
•January 1949 – U.N. Cease Fire
•1980-88 Muslim Extremists Continue Insurgency
•1990-1995 10,000 deaths
•Security barrier cuts down on terror
•Sections also claimed by China |
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Term
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Definition
- 1.24 Billion
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•Utter Pradesh 197 M (yellow, Ganges River)
•Maharashtra 111 M (green, Bombay)
•Bihar 96 M (green, Ganges River)
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Term
| Centrifugal forces in India |
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Definition
•28 states, 6 Union Territories, 1 National Capital Territory organized on language
•Language 741 languages, 14 have official status
•Muslim minority of 13% is 177 million
•Sikhs
•Caste System
•Hindutva “Hinduness” (radical Hindu movement)
•Naxalite Movement (Communists) |
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Term
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Definition
•Hinduism
•Democracy – created new states for language groups
•Federal system gives ethnic and linguistic expression (see map last slide)
•96% literacy rate
•Gandhi and Nehru
•Good transport and communication |
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Term
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Definition
•35 M at independence has grown to 177 M
•Percentage of the population is increasing because at 2.8% compared to 1.6% for India as a whole
•Note states around Bangladesh: Kashmir (67% Muslim), Asom (31%), Kerala (25%)
•Thus, they are not all in one place.
•Significant violence has occurred over the years between Hindus and Muslims
•Muslims have very low levels of education (4% complete secondary school)
•India is the most frequently attacked country by terrorism |
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Term
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Definition
•Problems between Hindus and Muslims fed by dispute with Pakistan over Kashmir
•Pakistani links to Muslim terrorist acts in India, but local Muslims have participated in terrorist acts
•2008 attack in Mumbai on two international hotels |
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Term
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Definition
•Religion combining Hinduism and Islam
•Started 500 years ago
•Supported British rule and gained government jobs under the British
•Punjab area of both Pakistan and India
•Less than 2% of Indians (23 M), but exert significant influence in Indian society
•Sikhs wanted a separate country, but ended up with dividing Punjab into Punjab (Sikh) and Haryana (Hindu) (example of accommodation which has kept India together)
•Current Prime Minister is a Sikh |
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Term
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Definition
•Thousands of castes
•Untouchable to priests
•Born into a caste depending upon your actions in a previous life – thus cannot change your caste
•Cannot socialize with persons of a higher caste
•Indian governments have tried to modify
•15% are Lower Caste, 40% are Backward Caste, 18% are Upper Caste (rest are Muslims, Sikhs, etc.)
•Less progress made in rural areas in modifying this system: untouchable children in school sit on floor in rural areas, but in urban areas have “affirmative action programs |
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Term
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Definition
•A movement to make India a society in which Hindu principles prevail
•“Hindu nationalism”
•Worries Muslims, moderate Hindus, and secularists
•Impose Hindu curriculum in the schools
•The political party that supports Hindutva is part of the current coalition government
•Gujarat State – rioting between Hindus and Muslims |
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Term
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Definition
•Maoists who have been around since India began
•Recently have been making a comeback after years of little strength
•Active in 13 of the 28 States
•Psychologically strengthened when Maoists had success in neighboring Nepal
•Appeals to those of the lower castes |
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Term
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Definition
n29% Urbanized
n360 million people
n41 millionaire cities
nRural to urban migration
nSquatter settlements
nExtreme variations between rich and poor
nGolden Quadrilateral (4-lane highway) will connect Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, and Kolkata (red line on map) |
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Term
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Definition
- 20.2 Million
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•Achieved “Primacy” Based on Its Situation (Suez Canal)
•Special Economic Zone set up to attract foreign investment
•Some of the world’s largest and poorest squatter settlements (Slumdog Millionaire)
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Term
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Definition
- 15.8 million
- Former British Colonial Capital until 1912
- Adversely Affected by Partition
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Term
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Definition
- 17.1 Million
- British and Indian Seat of Government
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Definition
- 7.7 Million
- Great city of the South
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Term
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Definition
•What would Wal-Mart do to the 15,000,000 small stores
•300 M people in middle class
•500 American-style shopping malls, compared to none in 2000
•On the whole economy is better in the north than the south and in the west than the east |
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Term
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Definition
•A Mixture Of Traditional Village Farming And Modern Agriculture
•Yields per hectare are low
•Half of 600,000 villages not accessible by road
•58% of employed persons work in agriculture, 70% of population lives on farms
•<5% of persons own 25% of the land
•175 M live and work as tenant farmers
•Land fragmentation |
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Term
| What climate variables help to explain this distribution of agriculture? |
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Definition
•Rainfall decreases from east to west as in the US
•Rice in east, grains in west
•Rice is labor intensive, wheat is not
•Urbanization greater in the west |
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Term
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Definition
- Rice Farming
- Tea Plantation
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Term
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Definition
•Problems with supply of energy, particularly electricity
•Problems with infrastructure to bring coal to power plants and with ports to import coal, despite large domestic supplies, but ports are inadequate
•Recall Direct Productive Activity vs. Infrastructure issue from the Intro to this course |
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Term
| Five Industrial Areas of India |
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Definition
•Bihar-Bengal – Jute
•Chota-Nagpur Plateau – Iron and Steel (among world’s top ten coal producers)
•Mumbai-Ahmadabad – cotton and textiles
•Textiles uses cotton, electricity from rivers over Ghats, cheap labor (cotton is pure raw material, cheap labor is ubiquitous in India)
•Chennai (Madras) textiles
•Silicon Plateau around Bangalore (Bengaluru) |
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Term
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Definition
•Greater economic progress in the west
•Many Indians working in Persian Gulf oil fields and sending money back to India
•Major employment now in IT industries
•As China develops, India will have cheaper labor and some industries will move here |
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Term
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Definition
•World’s Fastest Growing Free Market Economy
•6% (7%) growth rate per year (China at 9%); 2005 was 7.5%
•In 10 years, the economy will be larger than Italy and in 15, larger than UK
•By 2040, world’s 3rd largest economy (by 2020?)
•2008: GM will import $1 billion in car parts from India
•Number of shopping malls was 3 in 2001 and will be 345 in 2007
•Credit card industry growing at 35% per year |
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Term
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Definition
•1960: India had a higher GDP per capita than China
•2006: India’s GDP is half of China’s
•1960: Same GDP as South Korea
•2006: South Korea GDP is 13 times higher
•On UN Human Development Index: India is 124 out of 177 countries: ahead of India is Syria, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Dominican
•Female literacy is 54%
•800 million people in India earn less than $2/day |
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Term
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Definition
•It contains 3 “Nigerias” inside it: 300 million people living on less than $1/day
•More than 40% of the world’s poor live in India
•World’s second largest HIV population |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
•Jute and tea
•Very fertile
•Three rice crops per year
•Natural Hazards – Cyclones (8 of the 10 worst natural disaster in the 20th century)
•Arsenic poisoning is problem
•Fourth world country? |
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Term
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Definition
•31 million
•Kathmandu is capital
•85% Hindu (blends Buddhist ideas)
•Poorest country in the realm
•Maoists in government |
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Term
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Definition
•740,000 people
•Was a monarchy, now a democracy
•Buddhist |
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Term
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Definition
•Independent Since 1948
•Ceylon until 1972
•21 Million People
•70% Buddhists
•Plantation Agriculture:
•Tea
•Rubber
•Coconuts |
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Term
Southern region of Sri Lanka
Majority of population |
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Definition
•Aryan (from 2,500 years ago)
•Buddhists
•Speak Sinhala (Indo-European) |
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Term
Northern Region of Sri Lanka
18% of the population |
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Definition
•Dravidian
•Hindu
•Tamil Language
•Brought by British |
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Term
| Sri Lanka Civil War has ended |
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Definition
•Tamils Demanded Equal Rights starting in 1978
•LTTE – Liberation Tigers Of Tamil Eelam
•Tamil Insurgent State reached equilibrium stage by 2002
•2007 Sinhalese government in Colombo started counteroffensive and took back the insurgent state via military
•2009 Tamils defeated |
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