Term
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Definition
- The Bulge of Africa
- 16 countries plus Chad
- 3 (Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger) are landlocked (as is Chad)
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Term
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Definition
- Liberia- independent
- Guinea-Bissau- Portuguese
- Nigeria, Ghana, Sierra Leone, and Gambia- British
- All others were French
- Countries have more trade with Europe than with one another
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Term
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Definition
- 156 million
- At independence (1960), Nigeria was composed of three regions (based on regional tribal bases of the Hausa-Fulani, Yoruba, and Ibo). British decided upon a federal system. 250 ethnic groups
- Country is 51% Muslim, 40% Christian, 10% tribal
- Yoruba 21%- Colonial development
- Ibo 18%- Densely populated rural areas
- Hausa-Fulani 29%- Muslim dominated
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Term
| Nigerai- Biafran Civil War |
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Definition
- In 1966, Ibos (Christians) who had moved north to take jobs that northerners were unwilling to do, were massacred.
- In 1967 interregional rivalries led to civil war when the eastern region tried to secede as Biafra.
- More than 1 million people killed in civil war.
- Regions were subdivided and rearranged to ensure a civil war did not occur again.
- Currently - a Federal State with 36 States and a federal capital territory
- Capital city moved from Lagos to Abuja
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Term
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Definition
- 1999 Democratic government is elected
- Sharia declared in northern Islamic states, affecting the daily lives of not only Muslims, but Christians as well
- Riots between Muslims and Christians, Christians flee south
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Term
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Definition
nOil found in 1950s offered promise, but severe mismanagement and corruption meant that the promise did not come about |
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Term
| The Nigerian Oil Industry |
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Definition
- Royal Dutch Shell, Total, Italy’s Agip, ExxonMobil, Chevron
- 4,500 miles of pipeline, 159 oil fields, 275 flow stations
- Oil money not making it to the people: water tanks without pumps, clinics with no medicine, schools with no teachers or books, fishponds with no fish
- Summer, 2006 oil prices hit $78/barrel when Nigerians attacked a Shell flow station
- The head of Nigeria’s anti-corruption agency estimated that in 2004, 70% of oil revenues were wasted or stolen
- Oil leaks causing significant damage in the Niger River delta
- Natural gas flares have burned non-stop for decades, releasing green house gases and causing acid rain (gas can be reinjected, rather than flared, but it is more expensive
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Term
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Definition
- 9.9 million
- French
- Muslim north and Christian south
- Overall 24% Muslim
- 42 ethnic groups
- 64% employed in agriculture
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Definition
- 7.2 million
- French
- Muslim north and Christian south
- Overall 14% Muslim
- 37 ethnic groups
- 66% employed in agriculture
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Term
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Definition
- 25.0 million
- Was called Gold Coast
- 1957 – First African state to become independent
- Population growth rate of 1.4% is very low for Africa
- 100 ethnic groups, but the Kwa linguistic groups is 75%
- 21% Muslim
- Democratic government
- Relatively successful economy
- 62% in agriculture
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Term
| Volta River is Main Water |
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Definition
| The Akosombo Dam, completed in 1965, produces enough electricity to meet Ghana's needs as well as to sell to neighboring countries. Construction of the dam transformed the Volta River and created the world's fourth largest artificial lake, which now supplements coastal waters as a major source of fish. The flooding caused by the building of the Akosombo Dam resulted in 80,000 people having to be rehoused, which disrupted village social structure, and in an increase in mosquitoes and other disease-bearing insects |
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Term
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Definition
- 22 million
- Ivory Coast
- 28% Muslim
- Abidjan is main port and “former” capital
- Current capital is Yamoussoukro (south of Lake) with a Roman Catholic basilica that costs tens of millions (next slide)
- Had been doing well until ethnic strife resulted in periods of significant violence
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Term
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Definition
- 4.2 million
- 20% Muslim
- Founded 1822 by Freed American slaves
- Rubber plantations/iron mines
- 1989 -1997 Civil War (ethnically based) kills 230,000 people. More than 0.25 million refugees
- 2003 Civil War leads US and then UN troops help to restore order
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Term
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Definition
- 5.8 million
- 1787 founded for freed slaves by British
- English is official language
- 46% Muslim
- 1990s Civil War lasted until 2001
- 1998-1999 Abducting children and forcing them into combat, they conducted a calculated campaign of atrocities. Rebels raped and mutilated thousands of civilians, often hacking off innocent people’s limbs
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Definition
- 11 million
- French
- 85% Muslim
- Bauxite Mining
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Term
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Definition
- 1.4 million
- Portuguese
- 42% Muslim
- Subsistence agriculture
- Swamp coast
- Pounding rice to prepare for meal
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Term
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Definition
- 13 million
- Dakar was the capital of French West Africa
- Peanut exports, fishing, phosphates, cotton
- Democratic tradition
- 94% Muslim
- Almost 50% are Wolof ethnically so there is a dominant ethnic group
- Done well economically, is a solid democracy
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Term
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Definition
- 1.7 million
- 90% Muslim
- British
- Elongated
- Perforates Senegal
- Peanuts
- Roots author Alex Haley
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Term
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Definition
- 3.4 million
- French
- Arab and Berber in the North, black African in the South
- Banned slavery in 1981, but it continues
- 99% Muslim
- Nouakchott
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Term
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Definition
- 13.6 million
- French
- 90% Muslim
- Niger River
- Sahara
- Cotton and Gold
- The old trading center of Timbuktu
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Term
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Definition
- Periodic Markets: travel from small village to small village
- Threshold of a good: the average number of customers needed to keep a store in business
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Term
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Definition
- 15.6 million
- Sahara
- Niamey on Niger (NYE-jer)River in SW
- 91% Muslim
- Uranium
- Mosque
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Term
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Definition
- 16.1 million
- Half of population lives on $1/day
- French
- Was called Upper Volta
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Term
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Definition
- 10.7 million
- French
- 57% Muslim, 35% Christian
- Southern portions are black African and equatorial
- Northern portions are Arab and Muslim and desert
- Civil War for most of the time since independence in 1960
- Libya entered the war to support northerners
- International Court of Justice gave Aozou Strip to Chad
- Darfur Crisis spills into Chad
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Term
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Definition
- 5.3 million
- 51% Islamic
- Bab el Mandeb Strait
- Italian colony
- Made part of an Ethiopian Federation in 1952
- Annexed by Ethiopia in 1962
- 1993 gained independence, making Ethiopia landlocked
- 1998 border war with Ethiopia with 100,000 dead
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Term
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Definition
- 800,000 people
- 94% Muslim
- French Somaliland
- Territory of the Afars and Issas
- Bab el Mandeb Strait
- 60% are ethnic Somali
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Term
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Definition
- 9.5 million
- 99% Muslim
- Was British and Italian
- 5 major ethnic groups and 100s of Clans fighting for control of the country
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Definition
- Somaliland was British and declared independence in 1991
- Puntlanddeclared independence 1998
- 1990-1992 50,000 die in fighting, 300,000 die from hunger
- US troops in 1992 to save people from starvation, food as a weapon of war
- Neither Somaliland nor Puntland are recognized by international community
- Ethiopian and UN troops have entered
- Piracy off coast
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Term
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Hope for Africa?
The World’s Neediest Realm
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Definition
- Geographic Separation from much of the rest of the world by the Sahara
- African wildlife were not amenable to domestication
- Heat and Humidity led to a host of diseases that have ravaged the continent
- Islam penetrated only part way, leading to conflicts between Muslims, Christians, and tribal beliefs
- Slave trade depopulated some areas and led to ethnic strife within Africa
- Colonialism – split ethnic groups, terrorized the population, 10 million killed in the Congo by King Leopold of Belgium policies, took best agricultural land and raw materials
- nThe Cold War led to the exploitation of local rivalries with USSR on one side and the US on the other (Angola) (If a ruler was anti-Communist, US overlooked their faults)
- nGlobalization has hurt Africa (with the poor getting poorer)
- nFailure of African leadership
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- nFrom de Blij “Why Geography Matters”
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