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a way of life.
two species may occupy the same niche.
one may become extinct
(ex. awake at night, feeding patterns, etc) |
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| awake at night / awake 24/7 |
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| occupying the same overlapping geographical areas without interbreeding (lives together) |
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occuring in seperate, non-overlapping geographical areas (lives in different places: opposite side of grand canyon/rivers)
baboons - grassland
chimps - forests |
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| carnivore that feeds on insects |
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| 5 fingers/toes, opposable thumbs / big toe, grasping hands and feet, nails (vs. claws), relatively large brain, stereoscopic vision (eyes have come forward - depth perception), limbs - long / joints, diagonal couplets (right hand -> left foot / left foot -> right hand), sociality, extended infant care, decrease in offspring numbers, increase in longevity |
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adapiformes (extinct group of primates)
"lemur-like"
notharctus (shorter face and forward facing eyes) |
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"dry-nosed" primates
Tarsiiformes (found is Southeast Asia today)
Omomyids
“tarsier-like”
Hemiacodon |
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| galago behavior and ecology |
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| lemur behavior and ecology |
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| platyrrhines (new world monkeys) |
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in central and south america:
callitrichids
altelids
callitrichids
Saguinus ocdipus (tamarin)
Saguinus ocdipus
Cebus monkeys
Brachyteles |
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| a tail that is adapted to hold or grasp onto things |
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old world monkeys
more advanced colored vision because seeing during day |
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| autogrooming / allogrooming |
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combing hair, brushing teeth = autogrooming
combing someone elses hair = allogrooming
primates allogroom for social purposes |
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| vertical clinging and leaping |
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| a skill the majority of monkeys use for protection |
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chimps - male dominance
lemurs - female dominance
cebus monkeys - male dominance
savanna baboons - male dominance
intelligence = high dominance rank |
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| males "jumpfight" to see who could win the female |
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| concerned for the welfare of others |
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types of relationships:
monogamy
polygamy
polygynous |
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a group that contains more than 1 male, 1 female, and 1 female.
chimps, cebus monkeys, savanna baboons |
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a group within gorillas
2-30 in a group (average=10)
Silverback male (15+)
Blackback males (8-13; 250 ibs.)
3-4 sexually mature females (8+; 200 lbs)
3-6 immatures (under 8; infants = birth to 3; juveniles = 3-6 years; young adults = 6-8) |
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| Galagos / Bushbabies, Lorises, |
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| a woman takes two or more husbands / a man takes two or more wives |
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| community where the size and composition of the social group change as time passes ; animals move (fusion) sleeping in one place or split (fission) |
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| replicating behavior observed in ones environment |
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gorillas: 3.8 years
new world monkeys: 9-15 months |
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| a system where descent is traced through the mother and ancestors-- savanna baboons have a more "promiscuous structure and strict dominance" according to the matriline |
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| Japanese for 'yam' or 'potato' - nicknamed a Japenese Macque this because she would clean off the sweet potatos they left for the Macques on the beach. All of the other animals started to do this. |
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| chimps - meat = cooperative hunting |
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| a method chimps use to eat termites. they stick a stalk of grass in a termite hole and when they pull it out, it is covered in termites |
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| using a tool or a rock to smash a nut into in order to break the shell |
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| dipping a tool-such as a stick-into an ant hill |
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| some chimps would eat human babies and chimp babies |
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| chimps warfare = competition for food |
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| Harlow's isolation experiments* |
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Experiment 1
Rhesus monkeys isolated at birth
Isolates vs. Peers
Experiment 2
2 artifical mothers
wire “mother” and bottle (milk) vs. cloth “mother” |
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unique animals and plants
home of lemurs, indriids, chelrogaleids, daubentoniid
total = 22 species |
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| American zoologist that studied gorillas |
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| primatologist, ethologist, conservationist, and author of many books about the Bornean orangutan (endangered) |
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| British primatologist, ethologist, anthropologist that studied chimps in the 1960s. |
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in the Harem group. African ape.
knuckle-walkers, 300-400 lbs, 5.9 tall, |
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phenotypic (physical) difference between males and females of the same species
savanna baboons and gorillas are sexually dimorphic |
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| exiting a group for mating purposes in order to mate with |
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| callitrichids (very territorial) |
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cebus monkeys = large home range
lemur = home range is larger because of troops (more to feed) |
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| Lemurs: a tacktic used by male lemurs to establish dominance (ex: Similar to skunks) |
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| Chimpanzee female swelling |
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| the special claw or nail on the foot of a primate used for grooming |
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| a dental structure in mammals where their teeth look like a haircomb (lemurs) |
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| animals that are difficult to observe |
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Adaptation
Phylogeny
Geological Time |
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| extinct primates with a fossil record (Omomyids) |
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