Term
|
Definition
| (6%) Language family that includes Arabic and Hebrew, spoken primarily in northern Africa and southwestern Asia; used to write the Judeo-Christian Bible and the Islamic Quran; others are Jasua, Amharic, Oromo, and Somali. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The number of farmers per unit area of farmland; high density = inefficient agriculture; ratio of the number of farmers to the amount of arable land that helps account for economic differences; MDCs have lower agricultural densities. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (1100-1165?) Muslim geographer; prepared a world map and geography text in 1154, building on Ptolemy's long-neglected work. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (3%) Language family includes Turkish; spoken from Turkey to China and Mongolia; Turkish originally used Arabic letters and changed to Roman letters; regional problems for these languages; Azerbaijani, Uzbek, Kazakh, Uyghur, and Turkmen. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Theory of the origin and diffusion of Indo-European; Indo-European may have originated in present-day Turkey 2,000 years before the Kurgans; the language diffused along with agricultural innovations west into Europe and east into Asia. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (610-546? BC) Thales' student; made a world map based on information from sailors; portrayed Earth's shape as a cylinder. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (384-322 BC) First to demonstrate that Earth was spherical; observed that matter falls together toward a common center, Earth's shadow on the moon is circular during an eclipse, stars change as one travels north or south. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The total number of people divided by total land area; AKA population density; geographers rely on this to compare conditions in different countries because total population and total land area are easy to obtain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (5%) Language family found in Southeast Asia, mostly Indonesia; Javanese, Indonesian, Malay, Malagasy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Indo-European language branch; Slavic broke up into East Slavic (Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusan) West Slavic (Polish, Czech, Slovak), and South Slavic (Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian -- all the same language). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (1622-1650) Produced "Geographia Generalis", which stood for more than a century as the standard treatise on systematic geography. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A large-scale emigration by talented people; many emigrate to USA and Canada for better job opportunities than at home. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A system used in Europe; townships originated from this, created by Thomas Jefferson, intended to be easier to work with. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A map in which area is not preserved; another value is substituted for land area. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mapmaking, from hand-drawn to electronic. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A branch of Indo-European; Goidelic (Irish Gaelic and Scottish Gaelic), Welsh and Cornish. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The migration of people to a specific location, because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The extent of a feature's spread over a space; if objects in an area are close together, they are clustered; if relatively far apart, they are dispersed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The rapid, widespread diffusion of a characteristic/idea throughout the population. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Net migration from urban to rural areas. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society. A CBR of 20 means that for every 1,000 people in a country, 20 babies are born over a 1-year period. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society. Comparable to the CBR, the CDR is expressed as the annual number of deaths per 1,000 population. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The geographic study of human-environment relationships. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A combination of cultural features such as language and religion, economic features such as agriculture and industry, and physical features such as climate and vegetation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The body of customary beliefs, material traits, and social forms that together constitute the distinct tradition of a group of people; what people care about and what people take care of. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process of change in a society's population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and a higher total population. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The scientific study of population characteristics. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The diffusion of English words into German. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The frequency with which something exists within a given unit of area. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The number of people under the age of 15 and over age 64, compared to the number of people active in the labor force. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A regional variety of a language distinguished by vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process of spread of a feature or trend from one place to another over time. |
|
|
Term
| Diffusion of folk culture |
|
Definition
| Transmitted from one location to another more slowly and on a smaller scale, primarily through migration (relocation diffusion); Amish. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Typically follows the process of hierarchical diffusion from hearths or nodes of innovation; Hollywood and Madison Avenue; use of modern communications and transportation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The arrangement of something across Earth's surface. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The language spoken in south India; it was because of the people who spoke Dravidian that India recognizes 18 official languages. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The distinctive dialect of many African Americans. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Migration from a location to a new location. |
|
|
Term
| English (evolution of...) |
|
Definition
| 1) Angles, Jutes, and Saxons invade England. 2) Vikings added some of their language. 3) The Normans took control and added French. |
|
|
Term
| Environmental determinism |
|
Definition
| A nineteenth- and early twentieth-century approach to the study of geography that argued that the general laws sought by human geographers could be found in the physical sciences. Geography was therefore the study of how the physical environment caused human activities. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (276?-194?) The first person of record to use the word geography, also accepted that the Earth was spherical and calculated its circumference within a 0.5% accuracy; prepared one of the earliest maps of the known world, correctly dividing Earth into five climatic regions. |
|
|
