Term
| Why is it necassary to break down proteins properly in the digestive system? |
|
Definition
| Proteins are: large
insuluable
cannot be absorbed |
|
|
Term
| What are the advantages and disadvantages of fertility drugs? |
|
Definition
| They can enable women to have children.(benefit)
They let people have multiple births.(problem) |
|
|
Term
| What are the advantages and disadvantages of contreceptives? |
|
Definition
| They prevent unwanted pregnancies.(benefit)
They regulate the menstrual cycle(benefit)
They may cause infetility.(problem)May cause mood swings.(problem)Don't protect against STD's.(problem)Increase promiscuity.(problem) |
|
|
Term
| In what ways does the body prevent viruses and harmful bacteria from entering? |
|
Definition
| Skin
Scabs
Mucus
Stomach Acid |
|
|
Term
| What type of chemical is released from some white blood cells to attack viruses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the temperature monitored? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do capillaries help the body to keep cool on hot days? |
|
Definition
| They dialate...
...allowing blood to flow closer to the surface of the skin
resulting in the blood being cooled |
|
|
Term
| What type of organisms reproduce through meiosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of organisms reproduce through mitosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Information is passed __________ across synapses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Explain how natural selection may cause creatures to have desirable characteristics |
|
Definition
| Variation may be caused by mutation......which could mean they live their life better ......so they will live longer...giving them the chance to breed......and pass their DNA down to a new generation with the same characteristic. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| That only one gene is needed for a characteristic to be inherited |
|
|
Term
| What in the body does Huntington's disease affect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does the carbon monoxide in cigarette smoke affect the normal function of red blood cells? |
|
Definition
| The CO combines with haemaglobin......more easily than oxygen......reducing the cells capacity to transport oxygen. |
|
|
Term
| When bacteria containing the insulin gene multiplies, will all the new cells be able to produce insulin?Why? |
|
Definition
| Yes because they all formed from the same original cell......by asexual reproduction(mitosis)......leaving them all with the copy of the insulin gene. |
|
|
Term
| In the blast furnace, the iron oxide in the iron ore is reduced by carbon monoxide. What does reduced mean? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why can't a metal like sodium be extracted from its ore using the blast furnace method? |
|
Definition
| All metals above carbon in the reactivity series (including sodium) cannot be displaced by it. |
|
|
Term
| What other metal is added to iron to make stainless steel? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does thermal decomposition mean? |
|
Definition
| The break down of a substance using heat. |
|
|
Term
| Why is cracking used in the oil industry? |
|
Definition
| Large hydrocarbons are broken down into smaller molecules which are more useful |
|
|
Term
| Suggest a method for seperating mixtures. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Explain how the position of elements in the periodic table are linked to the electronic structure of their atoms? |
|
Definition
| Atoms in the same group have the same number of electrons in their outer shell......atoms in the same period all have the same number of shells......each succesive atom has one more electron. |
|
|
Term
| How is sedimentary rock changed into metamorphic rock? |
|
Definition
| The deep buriel and collision of tectonic plates can create high pressures and temperatures, changing the properties of the sedimentary rocks. |
|
|
Term
| Explain, in terms of electronic structure, why a ceasium atom is more reactive than a lithium atom. |
|
Definition
| The outer shell is further from the nucleus......resulting in the outer shell electron being less strongly attracted to it......so the outer shell electron is lost more easily. |
|
|
Term
| Explain why, in terms of particles,the rate most reactions increases as the temperature is raised. |
|
Definition
| The particles gain more energy as the heat is increaed......allowing them to move faster......causing more successful collisions. |
|
|
Term
| Why are stableized enymes bettar that unstable enzymes? |
|
Definition
| They function for a longer period of time. |
|
|
Term
| How can an catalyst be immobilized? |
|
Definition
| They could be fixed or bonded to a surface. |
|
|
Term
| In terms of its electronic structure, explain why argon is used in lightbulbs. |
|
Definition
| It is unreactive because it has a full outer shell, withdrawing the need to gain or lose electons. |
|
|
Term
| Which condition of heat and pressure would give the highest percentage of ammonia at equilibreum? |
|
Definition
| Because the forward reaction is exothermic, low temperatures would produce the most ammonia.High pressure is needed for the most ammonia to be produced,as it favours the forward reaction |
|
|
Term
| Why does the Haber Process use a temperature of 450° and a pressure of 200 atmospheres? |
|
Definition
| 450° and 200 atmospheres are compromise conditions......the temperature is high enough to allow the catalyst to work effectively......very high pressure can be expensive to maintain. |
|
|
Term
| The structure of silicon is simlilar to the structure of a diamond. Describe silicon's structure, and why it has a high melting point. |
|
Definition
| It has a giant structure with a large number of strong covalent bonds to break, which requires a lot of energy, hence the high melting point. Each silicon atom is bonded to four others. |
|
|
Term
| What equation links together potential difference, current and resistance? |
|
Definition
| Potential difference= current X resistance V=IxR |
|
|
Term
| What type of electromagnetic wave is used to sterilize equipment? |
|
Definition
| Gamma rays because they destroy bacteria. |
|
|
Term
| What type of electromagnetic wave to is send signals to a TV from a remote control? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Special ink is sometimes used to mark personal items, which can only be detected using ultra violet light. Explain what causes this. |
|
Definition
| The ink absorbs the ultra violet light, emitting a glowing light. |
|
|
Term
| Why do skin cells need to be protected from ultra violet radiation? |
|
Definition
| UV can kill skin cells, and cause their DNA to mutate to form cancerous cells. |
|
|
Term
| What equation links together energy transfer, power, and time? |
|
Definition
ENERGY TRANSFER = POWER x TIME
ENERGY TRANSFERRED=W x h |
|
|
Term
| Give 2 practical uses for optical fibres. |
|
Definition
| In endoscopy and fibre optic decoration lamps. |
|
|
Term
| Why does the light ray stay inside optical fibres? |
|
Definition
| The incident ray is greater than the critical angle, resulting in Total Internal Reflection. |
|
|
Term
| In Rutherfield's experiment, how did he manage to prove the 'plum pudding' structure of the atom was incorrect? |
|
Definition
| Most of the positive aplpha particles went straight through the empty space of the gold atoms......but some were repelled back by the positive nucleus of the gold atoms......so Rutherfield concluded that most of an atom was empty space but with most of its mass concentrated in the centre, in a nucleus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Forms of an element where the number of protons is different, but the atomic mass (number of neutrons) is the same. |
|
|
Term
| What equation links together acceleration, change in velocity and time taken? |
|
Definition
ACCELERATION= ∆VELOCITY ÷ TIME TAKEN
acc.=∆V ÷ s TAKEN |
|
|
Term
| Why are space shuttles able to stay in orbit around the Earth? |
|
Definition
| The Earths gravity, holds the shuttle in place, as long as it is travelling at correct orbital speed to allow the shuttle to move in a curve. |
|
|
Term
| Why is the underneath of shuttles covered in black tiles? |
|
Definition
| Black is a good emmiter of radiation. |
|
|
Term
| What equation links together distance moved or time taken, force, and work done? |
|
Definition
WORK DONE= FORCE x DISTANCE or TIME
W= N ÷ s or m |
|
|
Term
| What equation links together acceleration, change in velocity and time taken? |
|
Definition
ACCELERATION= ∆VELOCITY ÷ TIME TAKEN
acc.=∆V ÷ s TAKEN |
|
|
Term
| What equation links together power,work done and time taken? |
|
Definition
POWER= WORK ÷ TIME
W= w ÷ s TAKEN |
|
|
Term
| Why does power output always have to be more than accurately required? |
|
Definition
| Some energy is lost to the surroundings. |
|
|
Term
| What equation is used to find the gradient? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A nucleus is hit by a neutron......causing it to split into smaller neclei, and more neutrons......releasing energy. |
|
|
Term
| How does nuclear fission lead to a chain reaction? |
|
Definition
| Additional neutrons collide with other nuclei causing further fission. |
|
|
Term
| Why is generating electricity using nuclear fuels expensive? |
|
Definition
| Though the fuels themselves are cheap, building and maintaining a nuclear power plant is expensive. |
|
|
Term
| Name a benefit of using uranium over coal to produce electricity. |
|
Definition
| Coal produces more pollutant gases. |
|
|
Term
| Explain how a simple generator works. |
|
Definition
| A rotating coil cuts through the magnetic fields of a magnet......inducing a voltage across the coil.The slip rings allow the coil to rotate......and the carbon brushes connect the slip rings to the circuit. |
|
|
Term
| What can be done to induce a higher voltage across a circuit using a simple generator? |
|
Definition
| The number of coils can be increasedThe coil can be rotated fasterThe strength of magnet can be increased. |
|
|
Term
| Why is electricity transmitted through the national grid as a.c and not d.c? |
|
Definition
| Transformers only work for a.c current and have to be used to reduce the current along power linesLess energy is wasted. |
|
|
Term
| How do stars produce energy? |
|
Definition
| The fusion of nuclei from hydrogen or helium, emits light energy. |
|
|
Term
| What evidense suggests that the sun cosists of particles from the explosion of an earlier star? |
|
Definition
| There are nuclei of heavy elements. |
|
|
Term
| What does the term black hole mean? |
|
Definition
| A mass with high density and strong graviational pull, which pulls in electromagnetic radiation. |
|
|
Term
| What is produced as gases from a star spiral into a black hole? |
|
Definition
| What is produced as gases from a star spiral into a black hole?="Tw Cen MT" SIZE="+5" COLOR="#3366CC">X-rays. |
|
|
Term
| What is red shift, and what does it indicate about distant galaxies? |
|
Definition
| Red shift is when galaxies move away from Earth at high speed......forcing the light to shifted to the red end of the spectrum.The furthest galaxies display the greatest red shiftThis supports the Big Bang theory. |
|
|
Term
| What equation links potential difference, current, and power? |
|
Definition
POWER= POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE x CURRENT
W= V x i |
|
|
Term
| What equation links the number of turns of each transformer coil, to the voltage across each transformer coil? |
|
Definition
Voltage across each primary coil ÷ Voltage across each secondary coil
=
Number of turns of primary coil ÷ Number of turns of secondary coil |
|
|
Term
| Use the theory of plate tectonics to explain sea floor spreading? |
|
Definition
| Plates are moving away from each other and the gap is filled by basalt rock. |
|
|
Term
| What evidense supports sea floor spreading? |
|
Definition
| Magnetic reversal patterns in oceanic rock. |
|
|
Term
| What equation links frequency, wavelength, and speed? |
|
Definition
WAVE SPEED= WAVE LENGTH x FREQUENCY
v= f x λ |
|
|
Term
| Which part of the atom emits beta particles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does the composition of a neutron change after it emits a beta particle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What inside some badges detects radiation? |
|
Definition
| Photographic film, which when developed goes dark if there is high radiation. |
|
|
Term
| Radiation needs to be monitored to prevent what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the equation for photosynthesis? |
|
Definition
| Carbon Dioxide + Water + Light ------> Glucose + Oxygen. |
|
|
Term
| What part of the eye controls how much light enters it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What in the eye does the retina do? |
|
Definition
| Carries electrical impulses to the brain. |
|
|
Term
| How does penicillin help to treat infection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When might a doctor not prescribe penicillin? |
|
Definition
| Bacteri may be resistantMay increase resistanceCould be a virus, which cannot be treated by penicillin |
|
|
Term
| Name 2 human activities which have increased the amount of carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere. |
|
Definition
| Combustion of fossil fuelsDeforestation |
|
|
Term
| Why do plants need roots? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why when growing a cutting, do we cover them with a clear plastic bag? |
|
Definition
| To create a humid atmosphere, and reduce transpiration. |
|
|
Term
| Are new varities of plants grown from seeds or cuttings? |
|
Definition
Seeds because
they are produced through sexual reproduction......where two different gametes fuse together......which allows there to be a combination of 2 different genes/allels......promoting variation |
|
|
Term
| Which organ produces insulin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How can a high concentration of glucose harm body cells as a result of osmosis? |
|
Definition
| Wate movement out of a cell...to an area of low concentration from high concentration......Causes the cells to shrink. |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of bile? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of bacteria decomposes organic matter containing proteins, into ammonium compounds? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of bacteria decomposes ammonium compounds into nitrates? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How can large amounts of untreated sewage entering a river cause the fish to die? |
|
Definition
| Dead plants are broken down by the bacteria from the sewage which allows more of them to reproduce......which all have to respire, removing the oxygen meant for the fish. |
|
|
Term
| What subtances are not normally found in the filtrate and urine from kidneys?? |
|
Definition
Glucose
Protein (molecules too large)
Amino Acids
Because they are reabsorbed in the filter |
|
|
Term
| Explain how the body reduces the amount of water in urine, when less water is consumed. |
|
Definition
| Hypothalamus detects the concentrated blood......so the pituatory gland releases ADH......a hormone wich increases the reabsorption of water. |
|
|
Term
| Why do some contreceptives contain oestrogen? |
|
Definition
| Oestrogen inhibits the release of FSH......which ripens eggs......therefore the female does not ovulate. |
|
|
Term
| How does the contraction of the inter-costal muscles and the muscles in the diaphragm help to take air into the lungs? |
|
Definition
| The diaphragm flattens and the ribs move out......causing a volume increase......and a pressure decrease. |
|
|
Term
| How does emphysema reduce the amount of oxygen diffused into the blood? |
|
Definition
| The surface of the lung tissue becomes thicker and surface area decreases. |
|
|
Term
| Describe diffusion and when it happens in cells. |
|
Definition
| Diffusion is the movement of material from high to low concentration concentration.In cells the material inside a cell needs to be>than the material outside the cell for deffusion to occur |
|
|
Term
| Plastics are not ___________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is meant when a molecule is unsaturated? |
|
Definition
| Can still form double bonds with hydrogen. |
|
|
Term
| What does polymerisation mean? |
|
Definition
| Lots of monomers bond together to form a long chain polymer. |
|
|
Term
| In terms of ions, what does oxidation mean? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does it mean when a reaction is a redox? |
|
Definition
| Both oxidation and reduction occur. |
|
|
Term
| Give an ionic equation for neutralisation including state symbols. |
|
Definition
| H+(aq) + OH-(aq)-----> H2o(l) |
|
|
Term
| Why were scientists critical of Newland's law of octaves and the periodic table it produced? |
|
Definition
| Many elements in the same group had dissimilar properties e.g Cu + K
In some cases 2 elements can found in the same place e.g Ce & LaNo clear division between metals and non metals. |
|
|
Term
| How is Mendeleev's periodic table beeter than Newlands? |
|
Definition
| Grouped elements with similar propetiesSeperated metals from non-metal |
|
|
Term
| If the forward reaction used to get hydrogen is endothermic, what condition of heat and pressure would give the most? |
|
Definition
| High temperature because the reaction takes in energyLow pressure favours a reaction in which more molecules are formed. |
|
|
Term
| Which metals are most likely to be used as catalyst? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the structure of a typical metal. |
|
Definition
| They are in a lattice with outer electrons free to move through the structure. |
|
|
Term
| Why do copper and other metals conduct electricity? |
|
Definition
| Free electrons are allowed to move around the structure, carrying the current. |
|
|
Term
| Why can copper be drawn out into wires or be bent? |
|
Definition
| The free electrons move, allowing layers in the lattice to slip over each other. |
|
|
Term
| Why is copper oxide not as good as pure copper at conducting electricity? |
|
Definition
| Oxygen atoms disrupt the flow of electrons. |
|
|
Term
| Why is copper oxide heated in a hydrogen atmosphere, to make the purest copper possible? |
|
Definition
| Hydrogen reacts with oxygen. |
|
|
Term
| Why is sodium hydrogencarbonate added to cake? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does extra terrestrial mean? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why may scientists have believed that radio pulses came from intelligent life? |
|
Definition
| Neutron stars were unknown |
|
|
Term
| What is the link between a neutron star and a super nova? |
|
Definition
| A neutron star is the matter left behind as a red giant explodes as a super nova. |
|
|
Term
| How can bacteria travel through space to reach our atmosphere? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does an ironing board covered in shiny silver colour material make ironing easier? |
|
Definition
| Silver is a good reflector of heat radiation, so less is lost through the board. |
|
|
Term
| Name the sources of background radiation. |
|
Definition
| The ground
Air
Buildings and building equipment
Radon
Cosmic Rays
Rocks (Granite) |
|
|
Term
| What equation links together gravitational field strength, mass and weight? |
|
Definition
WEIGHT= MASS x G.F.S
w= m x g |
|
|
Term
| How have stars like the sun formed? |
|
Definition
| Remnants from a super nova like dust and gas......have been pulled together by gravity......and formed a star when temperatures became hot enough.Helium and hydrogen nuclei fused together... initiating nuclear fission.Energy caused expansion......which is balanced by gravitational pull |
|
|
Term
| As an attempt to explain why fossills of the same creatures were found in South America and Africa, why did some say that a bridge had once connected them? |
|
Definition
| Animals would have been able to move between the two placesOnce the bridge had broken, they would have evolved differently |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between analogue and digital signals? |
|
Definition
| Amplitude and frequency vary continuously in analogue signalsDigital signals have a series of on and off pulses with set values |
|
|
Term
| Why does the quality of an analogue signal decrease over a long distance but a digital signal signal does not? |
|
Definition
| Signals weaken and need amplifyingBut noise is amplified also in analogue signalsDigital signals give noise a low frequency and it is ignored, as electronic circuits remove it. |
|
|
Term
| Why are satellites, used to transmit and recieve radio and television microwaves, put into a geostationary orbit? |
|
Definition
| They stay at the same point above the EarthThey do not have to keep changing direction |
|
|
Term
| Explain how ultrasonic waves are used to produce images of unborn babies. |
|
Definition
| They are partly reflected when they hit a boundary between two substances, and the time taken for the reflected wave to return is used to produce the image. |
|
|
Term
| Name some uses of ultrasonic waves. |
|
Definition
| Scans of unborn babiesCleaning delicate machanisms and jewelleryRemoving dental plaqueSonarTreating injuries |
|
|
Term
| Name some things that can affect a drivers reaction time. |
|
Definition
| ConcentrationTirednessAlcoholDrugs |
|
|
Term
| What equation links force, mass and acceleration? |
|
Definition
FORCE= MASS x ACCELERATION
N= kg x ACC. |
|
|
Term
| How is heat energy transferred through the particles of metal? |
|
Definition
| The particles vibrate as heat energy is passed through them, and energy is tranferred through collisions between electrons and ions. |
|
|
Term
| Explain what happens to cause a convection current in water. |
|
Definition
| As heat energy is transferred through the saucepan, the water at the bottom moves faster......causing it to expand and become less dense.....allowing it to rise through the cold water. |
|
|
Term
| What does thermal radiation mean? |
|
Definition
| The transfer of energy by infrared radiation. |
|
|
Term
| What equation links charge, current and time? |
|
Definition
CHARGE= CURRENT x TIME
I= A x s |
|
|
Term
| What equation links together kinetic energy, mass and speed? |
|
Definition
KINETIC ENERGY= 1/2 x MASS x SPEED2
ke= 1/2mv2 |
|
|
Term
| What is an alpha particle |
|
Definition
| 2 protons and 2 neutrons (the nucleus of a helium atom) |
|
|
Term
| Which tpe of radiation may a doctor inject into a body to monitor blood flow? |
|
Definition
| Gamma beacause it is less dangerous inside the body and is less likely to be absorbed by cells. They can penetrate the body to be detected externally. |
|
|
Term
| What does thermal radiation mean? |
|
Definition
| The transfer of energy by infrared radiation. |
|
|
Term
| Describe one way in which an embryo can be cloned. |
|
Definition
| Cells can be split apart in the early stages......and then implanted into the uterus of a mother. |
|
|
Term
| How does a microwave work? |
|
Definition
| Water molecules are heated, which causes them to vibrate and to heat up the rest of the food. |
|
|
Term
| What happens to cells during meiosis? |
|
Definition
| Copies of chromosomes are made......and the cell then divides into 4 cells......leaving each gamete with a single set of genes |
|
|
Term
| Explain how meiosis and sexual reproduction gives rise to variation. |
|
Definition
| Fertililization of gametes from 2 different parents with different genes allows a variety of combinations of alleles to form. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| No because they may increase survival or be neutral. |
|
|
Term
| How was Meendelev able to predict the existance of elements before they were discovered? |
|
Definition
| He arranged the periodic table by relative atomic mass and properties so was able to fill in the gaps. |
|
|
Term
| Why is the half life of some radioactive substances important in medicine? |
|
Definition
| They need the half life to be sure the radioactive substance exists long enough to kill cancerous cells but short enough to minimize damage to surrounding healthy cells. |
|
|
Term
| What are the main reasons for deforestation? |
|
Definition
| AgricultureBulidingsRoads |
|
|
Term
| Why do MEDC's use more electricity that LEDC's? |
|
Definition
| More technology
More electricity |
|
|
Term
| How does using a lot of resources damage the Earth? |
|
Definition
| Pollutants may be produced which encourages the green house effect and global warming? |
|
|
Term
| What was the problem about the landfil tax? |
|
Definition
| Because people were unwilling to pay, they dumped rubbish somewhere else. |
|
|
Term
| What are the examples of waste management like reuse, recycle and reduce, being put into practice? |
|
Definition
| Reduce-PackagingRecycle-Cardboard, tin cansReuse-Glass bottles, ink jet cartridges |
|
|
Term
| A catalyst needs only to be heated at the beginning of a reaction if it is__________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe how ammonium nitrate is made. |
|
Definition
| Ammonia and nitric acid neutralize each other. |
|
|
Term
| How does a circuit breaker work? |
|
Definition
| If a high current flows the electromagnet is stronger......attracting the iron bolt out which......causes the plunger to lift along with the switch......resulting in the circuit being diconnected.To reset the system, the plunger must be pushed down. |
|
|
Term
| Explain why organisms high up in the food chain transfer less energy. |
|
Definition
| The amount of energy is reduced at each successive stage in a food chainNot all of the prey organism is consumedEnergy is lost during 7 life processes. |
|
|
Term
| How are high concentrations of methane and carbon dioxide affecting the Earth? |
|
Definition
| Energy from the sun is radiated to Earth......which then radiates heat back into space......but most of the heat radiation is trapped by carbon dioxide and methane molecules......which then causes some of the energy to be re-radiated back to Earth......making Earth hotter than usual......which in turn leads to climate change and a rise in seal levels. |
|
|
Term
| How do you know when a reaction is exothermic? |
|
Definition
| The amount of energy from creating the new bonds, is larger than the amount of energy used to break the bonds. |
|
|
Term
| What would happen to the reaction in the Haber process if the temperature was increased? |
|
Definition
| The rate of reaction would increaseBut the backward reaction is favoured as it is endothermic and heat is present from the forward reaction......resulting in an increase in hydrogen and nitrogen |
|
|
Term
| Describe the orbit and use of a geostationary satellite |
|
Definition
| Orbit lasts for 24 hoursUsed in communications |
|
|
Term
| Describe the orbit and use of a polar satellite |
|
Definition
| Orbit lasts for 1.25 daysUsed to monitor weather. |
|
|
Term
| Name some diadvantages of tidal power |
|
Definition
| Visual pollutionDestroys habitats |
|
|
Term
| Name some diadvantages of wind power |
|
Definition
| Visual pollutionNoise pollution |
|
|
Term
| Hormones control the monthly release of an egg from a womens (1)_______. They also control the thickness of the lining of her (2)_______. Hormones that are given to women to stimulate the release of eggs< |
|
Definition
1. Ovaries
2. Womb
3. Fertility drugs
4. oral Contreceptives
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Term
| What is the difference between the sex chromosomes of females and males? |
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Definition
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Term
| How can several cloned embryo's be produced? |
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Definition
| By spliting apart the cells of the clonal embryo. |
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Term
| Why is it not a good idea for doctors to issue antibiotics without consideration? |
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Definition
| The bacteria may become resistant and develop into a greater risk for human or other organisms. |
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Term
| How can ultrasonic waves clean delicate mechanisms in fluid? |
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Definition
| The vibrations travel hrough the fluid to shake dust particles off. |
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Term
| Which part of the blood transports most of the carbon dioxide? |
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Definition
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Term
| How were Darwin's and Lamarck's explanation of evolution different? |
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Definition
Darwin based his theory on the range of variation organisms had......and 'the survival of the fittest' meaning that beneficial variation would lead to a longer survival.
Lamarck based his theory on the characteristics organisms acquired...... and that these charcteristics are passed on through genetic inheritance. |
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Term
| What is the difference between P and S waves? |
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Definition
P waves are/can;
LongitudinalFasterTravel through liquids + solid
S waves are/can;
TransverseSlowerTravel only through solids. |
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Term
| P + S waves are not straight. What does this tell you? |
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Definition
| Wave speed changes......and get faster. |
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Term
| What role does sweating play in homeostasis? |
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Definition
| Evaporation of sweat......cools the body |
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Term
| Explain the carbon cycle. |
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Definition
| Plants use carbon dioxide to photosynthesize......and to form carbohydrates......which are eaten by animals......who then release carbon dioxide during respiration. |
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Term
| How do hormones improve food production efficiency? |
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Definition
| stimulate root growthControlling ripeningHerbicides |
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Term
| Greater mass requires greater _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| What will happen to the sun as all the hydrogen is used up? |
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Definition
| It will expand because the inward gravitational force will no longer balance the outward force......to become a red giant......until it contracts and collapses under gravity when fusion stops......exploding in a super nova......leaving behind a white dwarf. |
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Term
| Describe the structure of alkanes. |
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Definition
| Carbon spine with covalent bonds between each carbon atomSurrounded by hydrogenSaturatedGeneral formula CnH2n+2 |
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Term
| What are the advantages and disadvantages of fossil fuels? |
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Definition
| Reliable source of energy(benefit)
Pollution by carbon dioxide(problem) |
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Term
| What are the advantages and disadvantages of nuclear energy? |
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Definition
| Doesn't produce greenhouse gases.(benefit)
Waste can release very dangerous radioactive material.(problem) |
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Term
| What are the advantages and disadvantages of using renewable energy? |
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Definition
| No fuel cost.(benefit)
Noise/visual pollution.(problem)Not reliable source of energy except hydroelectric.(problem) |
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