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GCSE IT
GCSE ICT Revison Aids
84
Other
7th Grade
05/12/2007

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Cards

Term
What is a Data Capture Form?
Definition
A form designed specifically to collect data
Term
What are 3 areas of a Data Capture Form?
Definition
♥ Personal Details
♥ Medical
♥ For Office Use Only
Term
Data Logging
Scientists use computers to collect data.
Give 3 Examples
Definition
♥ Climatic Data over a long period
♥ Temperature changes during a chemical process
♥ Radiation output from a star
Term
Give 5 advantages of Data Logging
Definition
♥ Automated - no supervision required
♥ Accurate
♥ Data can be collected over long ro short periods of time
♥ Data can be stored for later analysis
♥ Graphs can be plotted automatically
Term
Data Logging
What are Sensors?
Definition
Input devices that convert physical quantities to electrical voltage. Sensors have to be connected through an analogue to digital converter (Interface Box)
Term
Data Logging
Give an example of the use of a Pressure Sensor
Definition
To detect burglars as part of a burglar alarm system
Term
What does an Infra Red sensor do?
Definition
Detects body heat
Term
Data Logging
What does a Thermistor do?
Definition
Reacts to temperature - Scientific experiments and ovens
Term
Data Logging
What does a pH sensor do?
Definition
Detects acidity and alkalinity
Term
What is the Period of Logging?
Definition
The total time over which data is collected
Term
What is the Logging Interval?
Definition
The time between each piece of data being collected
Term
What does the Data Protection Act cover?
Definition
♥ The storage of personal data on computer systems only
♥ Data must be about identifiable, living individuals.
Term
What does the Data Protection Act not cover?
Definition
♥ Data held simply for accounting purposes
♥ The data stored on manual systems
Term
What are Data Users?
Definition
♥ People or companies who hold and process personal data on computer systems
♥ Data users must register with the Data Protection Registrar
Term
What are Data Subjects?
Definition
♥ The individual who's data is held by a company
♥ Data subjects have rights under the Data Protection Act
Term
Give 4 exemptions from the Data Protection Act
Definition
♥ Simple data held for payroll or accounting purposes
♥ Statistical data that doesn't identify an individual
♥ If the data subject is in danger (Doctors given access in a medical emergency)
♥ Can be bypassed by certain government agencies (national security, crime or taxation)
Term
The Rules of the Data Protection Act - Part 1
Definition
♥ Data must be acquired and processed lawfully
♥ Personal data cannot be passed onto other organisations without consent
♥ Data must be used for stated purpose
♥ The data held should be the minimum for the purpose
Term
The Rules of the Data Protection Act - Part 2
Definition
♥ Data should not be kept longer than is necessary
♥ Personal Data should be accurate and up to date
♥ Subjects must be aware of the data held on them be able to check its accuracy
♥ Security must be provided to protect data
Term
Give the 3 rights of a Data Subject
Definition
♥ You can ask a company if they hold any data about you
♥ You can ask a company to show you what data they hold on you. The request must be in writing and the company may charge a sum
♥ You can ask to have data updated if it is out of date
Term
What is a database?
Definition
A structured collection of data used as information and can be searched using queries
Term
What are the 3 levels of a Database?
Definition
♥ Fields
♥ Records
♥ Files
♥ Key Fields
Term
Databases
What is a Field?
Definition
The columns. The field contains the field name and the data (columns)
Term
Databases
What is a Record?
Definition
The rows. All the information about one entity.
Term
Databases
What is a File?
Definition
All the information about one subject
Term
Databases
What is a Key Field?
Definition
A unique field that is used to identify a record
Term
What are the 4 types of data?
Definition
♥ Alphanumeric (Text)
♥ Numeric(Number)
♥ Date
♥ Boolean
Term
What is Alphanumeric data?
Definition
Any keyboard character

(Phone numbers are Alphanumeric!!)
Term
What is Numeric data?
Definition
This type of field holds numbers and any calculations
Term
What is Boolean data?
Definition
This type of field can only have two answers e.g. (Yes/No, True/False)
Term
Databases
What are fixed length records?
Definition
Records that are a certain size. This makes searching easier but wastes memory.
Term
Databases
What are variable length records?
Definition
Only the data is stored. No space is wasted but searching is slower.
Term
What is Data?
Definition
Data has no meaning itself as it has no context
Term
What is Information?
Definition
Information has meaning as it is in context
Term
What is validation?
Definition
A check to ensure that the data entered is reasonable
Term
Validation
What is a Range Check?
Definition
Checks if data falls within certain limits e.g. >1 and <100
Term
Validation
What is a Length Check?
Definition
The field is set to only allow a certain number of characters
Term
Validation
What is a Presence Check?
Definition
Ensures that something must be entered into the field
Term
Validation
What is a Unique Check?
Definition
No two records can have the same value in this field. (MUST be used in key field)
Term
Validation
What is a Type Check?
Definition
Ensures that data type is only what is expected
Term
Validation
What is a Format Check/Input Masks?
Definition
Ensures data is in correct format e.g. Car Reg
Term
Validation
What are Lookup Boxes/Drop Down Lists?
Definition
Useful when there is a limited number of possible entries
Term
What does EPOS stand for?
Definition
Electronic Point of Sale
Term
How is EPOS used in supermarkets?
Definition
When an item is scanned at the till, the product is looked up in the database.
1) Itemised receipt can be produced
2)Automatically reduces stock count
Term
What does EFTPOS stand for?
Definition
Electronic Fund Transfer at Point of Sale
Term
How is EFTPOS used in supermarkets?
Definition
Cashless Transactions - Credit/Debit card is swiped and cash is transferred from shopper's account to shop’s account. May allow cashback.
Term
Advantages of EPOS to shopper - Part 1
Definition
♥ Quicker than tilling each price - shorter queueing time
♥ Tiller cannot type incorrect price
♥ Offers quickly worked out by till
♥ Price check machines around shop
Term
Advantages of EPOS to shopper - Part 2
Definition
♥ Itemised Receipts
♥ Fresher goods - improved stock control
♥ Loyalty Cards - Shop uses cards to see what you buy!
Term
Advantages of EPOS to shop
Definition
♥ Tiller makes fewer mistakes with price and number of items
♥ Less waste - only the goods that have been bought are replaced
♥ Loyalty Cards to see what people buy
♥ Point schemes encourage shoppers to return
Term
Advantages of IT in Supermarkets to Employees
Definition
♥ Salaries paid directly into bank accounts
♥ Money is safe and protected to an extent from theft
♥ Record of payment shown on bank statement
Term
Advantages of IT in Supermarkets to Employees
Definition
♥ Safer than handling large sums of cash
♥ Automated payroll is cheaper than employing wages staff
Term
What are Manual Input Devices?
Definition
Used when flexibility is needed:
♥ Keyboards
♥ Touch Screen
♥ Mouse
♥ Keypad (ATM Machines)
♥ Microphone
♥ Concept Keyboard(McDonalds)
Term
Name 4 Automatic Input Devices
Definition
♥ Bar Code Reader
♥ OMR Optical Mark Recognition
♥ OCR Optical Character Recognition
♥ MICR Magnetic Ink Character Recognition
Term
What is a Bar Code Reader?
Definition
A light scanner or pen that reads Bar Codes. These Store an items identity number
Term
What is OMR?
Definition
Where marks on a piece of paper are read by machine e.g. Lottery, Multiple Choice Exams
Term
What is OCR?
Definition
Where characters are recognised as letters - must be able to recognise different fonts
Term
What is MICR?
Definition
Used for the numbers on cheques. They make fraud difficult and expensive
Term
Name 4 Output Devices
Definition
♥ VDU Visual Display Unit
♥ Plotters
♥ Loudspeakers
♥ Motors
Term
Name 4 types of Printer
Definition
♥ Laser
♥ Inkjet
♥ Dot Matrix
♥ Thermal
Term
Laser Printers
Definition
♥ All purpose
♥ Quite expensive (Toner is expensive)
♥ Very good quality
♥ Quiet Operation
Term
Inkjet Printers
Definition
♥ Low Volume all purpose
♥ Cheap but uneconomic for big print runs
♥ Good quality and affordable colour output
Term
Dot Matrix Printers
Definition
♥ Wage slips and Bills
♥ Cheap
♥ Works by impact - useful when carbon copies are required
Term
Thermal Printers
Definition
♥ Supermarket Receipts
♥ Cheap
♥ Needs Special Paper
Term
Name 4 Drawbacks of the Internet
Definition
♥ Undesirable Material
♥ Security
♥ Finding Information
♥ Filtering
Term
What is Undesirable Material?
Definition
♥ Offensive Material
♥ Misleading Material
♥ Unreliable Material
♥ Plain Nonesense
Term
How does undesirable material help terrorists?
Definition
♥ Terrorists have been able to find out how to make weapons
♥ They can also exchange information
Term
How does undesirable information help criminal activities?
Definition
♥ They can organise meetings

(However not all groups on the internet are bad)
Term
How does undesirable information encourage hatred and racism?
Definition
♥ Material promoting hate and racism can be easily published and found on the internet
Term
Why are there no laws to govern undesirable material?
Definition
♥ Every country has different laws
♥ Information can be illegal in one country but legal in another
♥ It is becoming impossible to police
Term
How is sending data over the internet unsecure?
Definition
♥ Data can travel by any route to any destination
♥ This means it can be easily intercepted and read
Term
What is done to make sending information over the internet more secure?
Definition
Encryption
Term
How is unauthorised access to your machine, from elsewhere on the internet prevented?
Definition
Firewalls
Term
Why is it difficult to find the information you want on the internet?
Definition
Because of the large amount of information
Term
How do search engines work?
Definition
♥ Some look for headings
♥ Some look inside the web sites
♥ Some just search other search engines
Term
What is filtering used for?
Definition
♥ Blocking access to certain sites
♥ Preventing sites showing certain images or information
Term
What is the downside of filtering?
Definition
♥ Not all sites can be blocked
♥ So the success is limited
Term
What are the 5 benefits of the internet?
Definition
♥ Up to date
♥ Multimedia
♥ Accesible
♥ Good for customers
♥ Good for business
Term
The internet is up to date, BUT...
Definition
Some sites are never updated
Term
Most people in the world have access to internet and the cost of connection is constantly decreasing BUT...
Definition
♥ Some people cannot afford equipment
♥ Many peoples don't have access to the required infrastructure
Term
The internet is good for customers because...
Definition
♥ people can shop whenever it is convenient for them
♥ wide range of goods are availible
♥ prices are cheaper
♥ delivery rapid as stock kept at cheap locations
Term
The internet is good for businesses because...
Definition
♥ it's good for advertising
♥ communicating with other businesses
♥ communicating with customers
♥ displaying full details of goods and services
♥ entering possibly global markets
Term
How can computers be misused?
Definition
♥ copying material
♥ hacking into information
♥ viruses
♥ playing games at work
♥ visiting questionable websites
♥ circulating offensive emails
Term
It is easier to misuse info stored electronically rather than in a filing cabinet because...
Definition
♥ Info can be altered without leaving a trace
♥ Info can be searched through quickly
♥ Info can be accessed from anywhere in the world
♥ Info can be copied and taken elsewhere
Term
What is a Virus?
Definition
Software that replicates itself and can cause problems to other software or systems
Term
What is Hacking?
Definition
The unauthorised access of a computer system or its data
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