Term
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Definition
| How an entity changes through time. |
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Term
| What is the term used to describe when certain individuals in a population have a characteristic that enables them to produce more offspring that survive? |
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Definition
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| This is a theory that rivaled Darwin's which stated that, for example, long necked giraffes passed this trait on to their offspring. |
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Definition
| Lamark's theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics. |
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Term
| What is the study of the properties of genes in populations? |
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Definition
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Term
| What provides the raw material for natural selection? |
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Definition
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Term
| Within a population, the differences in alleles of genes within individuals is referred as: |
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Definition
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Term
| the letter (p) represents the ____ genes and the letter (q) represents the ___ genes. |
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Definition
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Term
p^2 = _____
2pq = _____
q^2 = _____ |
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Definition
| homozygous dominant; heterozygous dominant; homozygous recessive |
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Term
| The movement of gametes from one population to another: |
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Definition
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Term
| As population size decreases, the random fluctuation in allele frequencies increases, this is know as: |
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Definition
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Term
| If the bell shaped curve of distribution of alleles moves, this is know as: |
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Definition
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Term
| Through a natural disaster, the surviving individuals have a loss of genetic variability, this is known as: |
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Definition
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Term
| After a loss of a significant portion of a population, when a previously rare allele becomes more prevalent, this is known as: |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of mating does not change the frequencies of the alleles; but rather, the proportion of phenotypically similar individuals are likely to become genotypically similar as well. |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of nonrandom mating is when phenotypically dissimilar individuals mate thus increasing the ratio of heterozygotes? |
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Definition
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Term
| This is a type of selection where the odd-ball is not called out: |
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Definition
| negative frequency-dependent selection |
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Term
| This is a type of selection which favors a more "common" form: |
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Definition
| positive frequency-dependent selection |
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Term
| This is the term for a type of selection where different phenotypes are favored at different points in time. |
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Definition
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Term
| Type of selection where the intermediate phenotype is selected out of the population. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the term for a type of selection where one extreme is selected out of a population? |
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Definition
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Term
| When both sides of the extremes are selected out of population this type of selection is called: |
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Definition
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Term
| When a population is avoiding predation by selecting the less-coloful phenotypes this is also called: |
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Definition
| protective coloration predation |
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Term
| What is a scientific theory describing the mechanisms by which species change or new species arise? |
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Definition
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Term
| Something that contains observations and predictions which prove or disprove those predictions with data is called: |
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Definition
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Term
| A group of individuals living in an area is known as: |
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Definition
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Term
| A group of organisms with similar structure, function, behavior and are capable of breeding: |
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Definition
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Term
| Offspring that do not have the same base pairs as their parents is caused by: |
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Definition
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Term
| Name three "fuels" of evolution: |
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Definition
| variation, selection and time |
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Term
| who was responsible for evolution? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was used to justify the ideas of those who were responsible for the concept of evolution? |
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Definition
| fossils, natural and synthetic selection, anatomical evidence, convergent evolution |
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Term
| How did Aristotle view species? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did Linnaeus believe about speciation? |
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Definition
| He believed in the creator, that species had a purpose |
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Term
| What observations led to natural selection? |
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Definition
| That species changed over time, fossil records, more advantageous individuals survived. |
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Term
| Name the five assumptions a population must have in order to be in HW equil: |
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Definition
| (1) no mutation ; (2) no genetic flow; (3) random mating is occuring; (4) large population; (5) no selection |
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Term
| Reproductive success can also be described as the _______ of a species. |
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Definition
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Term
| Lamarck's idea of inheritance of acquired characteristics differs Darwin's theory in that: |
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Definition
| Darwin believed that advantageous characteristics were passed on and Lamarck believed that the physical characteristics were passed on, i.e. if a leg was cut off, the offspring would have one less leg. |
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Term
| What are the agents of evolutionary change? |
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Definition
| mutation, gene flow, nonrandom mating, genetic drift, selection |
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Term
| When there is a drastic reduction in population and some alleles are lost, this is referred to as: |
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Definition
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Term
| When a drastic event happens and there is a reduction in the population and few individuals are found which causes a new allelic pool this is known as: |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the four pre-existing conditions that are required for natural selection to occur: |
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Definition
| (1) preexisting genetic variation; (2)some phenotypes must have an advantage; (3) favorable phenotypes have reproductive advantage; (4) more offspring with favorable phenotype are produced in subsequent generations |
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Term
| What are the three types of selection that help maintain genetic variation? |
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Definition
(1) positive frequency
(2) negative frequency
(3) oscillating frequency |
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Term
| What are the five assumptions for a population to be in HW equil? |
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Definition
| (1) random mating; (2) no gene flow; (3) no natural selection; (4) population is large; (5) no mutation |
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Term
| according to synthetic evolution, what provides genetic variability on which natural selection acts? |
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Definition
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Term
| When did the synthetic theory of evolution come about? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does synthetic theory combine to provide its theory? |
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Definition
| principles of Mendelian inheritance and natural selection |
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Term
| When there is increased fitness, what genotype also increases? |
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Definition
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Term
| In the field experiment with the guppies, what happened when the colorful guppies were placed in the area with high predation? |
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Definition
| after 10 generations, the guppies exhibited characteristics of low-predation guppies. |
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Term
| What is an example of industrial melanism |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the term used to describe a phenomenon in which darker individuals come to predominance over lighter ones. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some examples of artificial selection? |
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Definition
| breeds of dogs, tame foxes, in agriculture; corn |
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Term
| In what way are Darwin's finches evidence for evolution? |
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Definition
| in that the dry seasons, where the finches with the large beaks could break open the dry nuts, they survived. Same goes for rainy seasons where the finches with beaks corresponding to the fruit survived.... |
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Term
| If a fossil is in between a layer of sediment dating back 1mil yrs and a layer of sediment that is .5 mil yrs old, we can use the process of___________ to determine how old the fossil is. |
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Definition
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Term
| Using the process of half-lives and the rate of radioactive decay, we can use _________ to determine the age of a fossil. |
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Definition
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Term
| The oldest known bird fossil is known as |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the oldest known bird that is considered to be a transition between species? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an example of a homologous structure? |
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Definition
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Term
| If different species have the same type of structure and are derived from a common ancestor, those structures are known as: |
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Definition
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Term
| How can homologous structure be used as evidence for evolution? |
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Definition
| Because they show how organisms develop from one common ancestor. |
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Term
| An appendage that has no use but once had use is known as a: |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the term used to describe similar structures that develop independently on species with similar environmental pressures? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an example of convergent evolution? |
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Definition
| the structure of fast-swimming fish/mammals. |
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Term
| When speciation occurs and if the organisms are related and are in the same area, this is referred to as: |
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Definition
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Term
| If a field of genetically modified corn is grown alongside a field of non-genetically modified corn, pollen from the former is likely to fertilize the latter. This is an example of: |
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Definition
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Term
| Within a single species, individuals in populations that occur in different areas may be distinct from one another is known as: |
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Definition
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Term
| members of a population mate with each other and produce viable offspring is known as: |
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Definition
| biological species concept |
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Term
| What is an example of a prezygotic isolating mechanism? |
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Definition
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Term
| When a mule (or hybrid) is unable to reproduce because of infertility, this is known as: |
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Definition
| postzygotic isolating mechanism |
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Term
| If there is geographic reason why two interbreeding species do not mate, this is referred to as: |
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Definition
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Term
| When a species occurs in the same area, but they occupy different habitats and rarely encounter each other is know as: |
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Definition
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Term
| When species differ in their mating rituals, this type of reproductive isolation is known as: |
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Definition
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Term
| When species reproduce at different times in the season, this is: |
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Definition
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Term
| When there are structural differences bet. species that prevents mating this type of reproductive isolation is known as: |
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Definition
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Term
| When the gametes of two species do not fuse, this is known as: |
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Definition
| prevention of gamete fusion |
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Term
| What are the chemical signals that are released to let a species know they are able to mate together? |
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Definition
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Term
| When a species goes from mainland to an island and then various other islands and eventually evolve into other species, this is known as: |
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Definition
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Term
| When referring the pace of evolution, the accumulation of small changes is known as: |
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Definition
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Term
| In reference to the pace of evolution, when there are period static followed by rapid changes this is known as: |
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Definition
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Term
| The study of evolutionary relationships is known as: |
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Definition
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Term
| What is known as the method of relating organisms based upon shared derived characteristics? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is known as the history of organismal lineages as they change through time? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the science of classifying living things? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is also known as an "evolutionary tree"? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three domains? |
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Definition
| archaea, bacteria, eukarya |
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Term
| what is the saying that helps remember the order of the hierarchy? |
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Definition
kings play cards on fat green stools
Domain, Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species |
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Term
| What is the correct way to state a scientific name of an organism? |
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Definition
italicized, with genus and then species
homo sapiens |
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Term
| What is Linnaeus institute? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the characteristics of all living things? |
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Definition
| contain cells, maintain homeostasis, evolve, respond to stimuli, growth and metabolism, heredity, development, able to reproduce |
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Term
| What is the way scientists organize all living organisms? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| whether the virus is active or nonactive |
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Term
| what are ways that viruses are characterized? |
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Definition
| whether it contains DNA or RNA, by its proteins, which receptor it contains |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what are viruses that only infect bacteria called and what domain are they found under? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the term for viruses that instantly affect the host cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| For example: HIV is a _________ virus. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the term for viruses that switch from lysogenic to lytic? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two reproductive cycles of a virus? |
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Definition
| lytic cycle and lysogenic |
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Term
| Using five words, describe the lytic cycle: |
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Definition
| attachment; penetration; replication; assembly; release |
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Term
| What is a main difference between the lytic cycle and the lysogenic cycle? |
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Definition
| the lysogenic cycle usually does not kill the host cell |
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Term
| Using four words, describe the lysogenic cycle: |
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Definition
| attachment; penetration; integration; replication |
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Term
| What is the difference between prions and virions? |
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Definition
| prions are particles of protein; virions are naked molecules of RNA |
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Term
| what is the basic structure of a virus? |
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Definition
| nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid |
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Term
| What does reverse transcritase do? |
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Definition
| it reverses the process of transcrption |
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Term
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Definition
| the cells and tissue of a host that supports the growth of a virus; particular spots |
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Term
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Definition
| a RNA virus that infects host cell using reverse transcriptase to which the host cell them makes viral DNA |
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Term
| What is the term of the latent form of bacteriaphage in which the viral genes are encorporated, but do no harm to the host cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the CD+4 cells and why are they important when referring to HIV? |
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Definition
| they are the HIV targets; the cells that "recognize" HIV |
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Term
| Which cells does HIV infect? |
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Definition
| helper T cells in the immune system |
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