Term
| most common location of salivary gland tumor |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| most common benign salivary gland tumor |
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Definition
| pleomorphic (epithelial and mesenchymal) |
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Term
| second most common benign salivary gland tumor |
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Definition
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|
Term
| most common malignant salivary gland tumor |
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Definition
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|
Term
| achalasia is loss of what plexus? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| dysphagia to solids and liquids |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| chagas and CREST scleroderma |
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Term
| birds beck, increased risk of carcinoma |
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Definition
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|
Term
| nocturnal cough and dyspnea |
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Definition
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Term
| painless bleeding of lower esophagus |
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Definition
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|
Term
| punched out ulcers on esophagus |
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Definition
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|
Term
| linear ulcers on esophagus |
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Definition
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|
Term
| white pseudomembrane in esophagus |
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Definition
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|
Term
| painful hematemasis due to severe vomiting |
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Definition
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Term
| esophageal rupture from violent retching |
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Definition
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Term
| lye ingestion and acid reflux |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| dysphagia (esophageal web), glossitis, iron deficiency anemia |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| NKSS -> intestinal columnar with goblet cells |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| causes of SCC of esophagus |
|
Definition
| alcohol, achalasia, cigaretts |
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Term
| adenocarcinoma esophagus causes |
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Definition
| barrett's, esophageal web, esophagitis, diverticula |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| adenocarcinoma esophagus location |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| burnes -> decreased plasma volume -> sloughing of gastric mucosa |
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Term
|
Definition
| brain injury -> increased vagal stimulation -> increased Ach -> increased H+ |
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Term
|
Definition
| autoimmune, autoantibodies to parietal cells, pernicious anemia, achlorhydria |
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Term
|
Definition
| H pylori, increased risk of MALToma |
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|
Term
| type A gastritis location |
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Definition
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|
Term
| type B gastritis location |
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Definition
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|
Term
| gastric hypertrophy with protein loss, loo like brain gyro, parietal cell atrophy, increase mucous cells |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| bilateral mets to ovaries |
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|
Term
| sister mary joseph nodule |
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Definition
| SQ periumbilical metastasis |
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|
Term
| acanthosis nigricans and leser trelat |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| gastric ulcer, ischemic colitis |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| pain decreases with meals |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| CAP = clarithro, amoxicillin (metro if allergic) and PPI |
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|
Term
| malabsorption of fat and fat soluble vitamins (ADEK) |
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Definition
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|
Term
| causes of acute pancreatitis |
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Definition
| gallstones, ethanol, trauma, sepsis, mumps, autoimmune dx, scorpion stings, hypercalcemia, hypertriglyceridemia, ERCP, drugs |
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|
Term
| elevated amylase and lipase |
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Definition
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|
Term
| epigastric abdominal pain radiating to back |
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Definition
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|
Term
| can lead to CID, ARDS, diffuse fat necrosis, hypocalcemia |
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Definition
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|
Term
| chronic pancreatitis is associated with |
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Definition
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|
Term
| risk factors for pancreatic adenocarcinoma |
|
Definition
| tobacco, chronic pancreatitis, >50, jewish and african american males |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| pancreatic adenocarcinoma |
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|
Term
| pancreatic adenocarcinoma symptoms |
|
Definition
| pain radiating to back, weight loss, trousseau, courvoisier |
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|
Term
| pancreatic adenocarcinoma symptoms |
|
Definition
| abdominal pain radiating to back, weight loss, trousseau, courvoisiers |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| migratory thrombophlebitis |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| obstructive jaundice with palpable gallbladder |
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|
Term
| similar to celiac, but effects entire small bowel |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| PAS positive fomay macrophages |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| malabsorption with arthralgias cardiac and neurologic symptoms |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| most common disaccharide deficiency |
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Definition
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|
Term
| osmotic diarrhea with milk intake |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| fat accumulation in enterocyte, and neurologic manifestations |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| causes of pancreatic insufficiency |
|
Definition
| CF, obstructing cancer and chronic pancreatitis |
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Term
|
Definition
| anti gliadin, anti tissue transglutaminase |
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|
Term
| blunting of villi, hypertrophy of crypts and lymphocytes in lamina propria |
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Definition
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|
Term
| associated with dermatitis herpetiformis |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| hemorrhage and perforation |
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|
Term
| Inflamm bowel: any portion of GI |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Inflamm bowel: skip lesions |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Inflamm bowel: transmural inflammation |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Inflamm bowel: cobblestone mucosa |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Inflamm bowel: string sign |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inflamm bowel: strictures |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inflamm bowel: migratory polyarthritis |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Inflamm bowel: erythema nodosum |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Inflamm bowel: corticosteroids and infliximab |
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Definition
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|
Term
| symptoms of irritable bowel |
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Definition
| pain improves with defecation, change in stool frequency, change in appearance of stool |
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Term
|
Definition
| 2 in, 2 ft from ileocecal, 2% of population, first 2 years of life, 2 types of epithelia (gastric/pancreatic) |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| telescoping of bowel into distal segment |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| insuss vs volvulus: childhood |
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Definition
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|
Term
| intuss vs volvulus: elderly |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| redundant mesentary, cecum and sigmoid |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| associated with down syndrome |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| in CF, plug obstructs intestine |
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|
Term
| premature infants when fed too quickly |
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Definition
| necrotizing enterocolitis |
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Term
| pain out of proportion to physical findings |
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Definition
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|
Term
| bowel obstruction after recent surgery |
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Definition
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|
Term
| bleeding in older patients |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| tortuous dilation of vessels in cecum, terminal ileum and ascending colon |
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Term
|
Definition
| bronchospasm (wheezing) flushing, diarrhea, R sided heart murmur |
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Term
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Definition
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|
Term
| locations of carcinoid tumor |
|
Definition
| lungs, appendix, ielum, rectum |
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|
Term
| effects of portal hypertension |
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Definition
| esophageal varices, peptic ulcer -> melena, splenomegaly, caput medusae, ascites, hemorrhoids |
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|
Term
| effects of liver cell failure |
|
Definition
| coma, scleral icterus, fetor hepaticus (breath smells musty), spider nevi, gynecomastia, jaundice, testicular atrophy, liver "flap" bleeding tendency, anemia, ankle edema |
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|
Term
| aminotransferase diagnostic value |
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Definition
viral hepatitis (ALT > AST)
alcoholic hepstitis (AST > ALT) |
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Term
|
Definition
| increased with heavy alcohol consumption |
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|
Term
| alkaline phosphatase diagnostic value |
|
Definition
| obstructive liver disease, bone disease, bile duct disease |
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Term
|
Definition
| acute pancreatitis, mumps |
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|
Term
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Definition
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|
Term
| ceruloplasmin diagnostic use |
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Definition
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|
Term
| ASA in child with chicken pox leads to |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| mitochondrial abnormalities, fatty liver, hypoglycemia, vomiting, hepatomegaly, coma |
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Term
|
Definition
| ASA metabolites decrease beta-oxidation by reversible inhibition of mitochondrial enzyme |
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|
Term
| macrovesicular fatty change, reversible with alcohol cessation |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| neutrophilic infiltration, mallory bodies |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| irreversible 'hobnail' sclerosis around zone III |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| R sided heart failure, and Budd-Chiari syndrome |
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|
Term
| occlusion of IVC or hepatic veins |
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Definition
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|
Term
| ascites and varicose with absence of JVD |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| hyper coagulable state, polycythemia vera, pregnancy and hepatocellular carcinoma |
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|
Term
| physiologic jaundice of newborn |
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Definition
| immature UDP-glucuronyl transferase -> UC bili -> jaundice |
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Term
|
Definition
| newborn jaundice, crigler-najjar I |
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|
Term
| mildly decreased UDG glucuronyl transferase |
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Definition
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|
Term
| bilirubin increases with fasting and stress |
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Definition
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|
Term
| absent UDP-glucuronyl transferase |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| responds to phenobarbital |
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Definition
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|
Term
| bilirubin metabolism dx: increased conjugated |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| defective liver bile ecretion |
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Definition
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|
Term
| most common primary malignant tumor of liver |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| causes of hepatocellular carcinoma |
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Definition
| Hep B and C, Wilson's, hemochromatosis, alpha-1AT deficiency, alcoholic cirrhosis and aflatoxin |
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|
Term
| tender hepatomegay, ascites, polycythemia, and hypoglycemia |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
anti-mitochondiral -
ANA, anti-smooth mm, anti-LK microsomal + |
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|
Term
| panacinar emphysema with cirrhosis |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| cirrhosis with PAS positive globules in liver |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| inadequate copper excretion -> accumulation in liver, brain, cornea, kidneys an joints |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| decreased ceruloplasmin, hemolytic anemia, basal ganglia degen, asterixis, dementia, dyskinesia, dysarthria |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| cirrhosis, DM, and skin pigmentation |
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|
Term
| complication of hemochromatosis |
|
Definition
| CHF, testicular atrophy and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma |
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Term
|
Definition
increased: ferritin, iron, transferrin
decreased: TIBC |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| phlebotomy and deferoxamine |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| extra-hepatic obstruction -> increased pressure in intrahepatic ducts -> fibrosis and bile stasis |
|
Definition
| secondary biliary cirrhosis |
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|
Term
| biliary tract dx: pruritis, jaundice, dark urine |
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Definition
| secondary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis |
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|
Term
| biliary tract dx: increased conjugated bilirubin, increased all phis and increased GGTP |
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Definition
| secondary biliary cirrhosis, primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis |
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|
Term
| increased serum mitochondrial ab (IgM |
|
Definition
| primary biliary cirrhosis |
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|
Term
| biliary tract dx: pruritus without jaundice |
|
Definition
| primary biliary cirrhosis |
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|
Term
| onion skin of bold ducts -> beading on ERCP |
|
Definition
| primary sclerosing cholangitis |
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|
Term
| biliary tract dx: hypergammaglobulinemia |
|
Definition
| primary sclerosin cholangitis |
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|
Term
| biliary tract dx: with UC |
|
Definition
| primary sclerosing cholangitis |
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|
Term
| risk factors for gallstones |
|
Definition
| female, fat, fertile, forty |
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|
Term
| cholesterol stones associated with |
|
Definition
| obesity, crohns, CF, advanced age, clofibrate, estrogns, multiparty, rapid weight loss, and Native American origin |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| hemolysis, alcoholic cirrhosis, advanced age and biliary infection |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| obstruction of common duct by gallstones causes bile duct contraction |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| with radionuclide biliary scan, US |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| jaundice, fever, RUQ pain |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| inspiratory arrest on deep palpation due to pain |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| gallstones, ischemia or infectious (CMV) |
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|
Term
| what happened if you see air in biliary tree? |
|
Definition
| fistula between GB and small intestine |
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|
Term
hepatocellular jaundice
- type of bilirubin
- urine bilirubin
- urine urobilinogen |
|
Definition
- direct/indirect
- increased
- normal/decreased |
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|
Term
obstructive jaundice
- type of bili
- urine bili
- urine urobilinogen |
|
Definition
- direct
- increased
- decreased |
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|
Term
hemolytic jaundice
- type of bili
- urine bili
- urine bilinogen |
|
Definition
- indirect
- absent
- increased |
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|
Term
| Inflamm bowel: continuous starting in rectum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inflamm bowel: mucosal and submucosal inflammation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inflamm bowel: lead pipe on imaging |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inflamm bowel: crypt abscesses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inflamm bowel: sclerosin cholangitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inflamm bowel: associated with colorectal CA |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inflamm bowel: a/w pyoderma gangrenosum |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Inflamm bowel: a/w ankylosing spondylitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inflamm bowel: a/w uveitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ASA preparations, 6-MP, infliximab, colectomy |
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|
Term
| kids cause of appendicitis |
|
Definition
| lymphoid hyperplasia after viral infection |
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|
Term
| adult cause of appendicitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| initial diffuse periumbilical pain -> localized pain in RLQ |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| diverticular disease most commonly in ___ colon |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| diverticulosis is a/w ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increased intraluminal pressure and focal weakness in colonic wall |
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|
Term
| LLQ pain, fever, leukocytosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| failure of NC cell migration -> no auerbach's and meissner's |
|
|
Term
| dialted coon proximal to aganglionic |
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Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most common; in rectosigmoid colon |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| sporadic; <5 y/o; 80% in rectum |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| multiple nonmalignant hamartomas with hyper pigmented mouth, lips, hands, genitalia |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| APC gene on chromosome 5q; thousands of polyps; 100% progress to CRC |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| FAP + osseous and soft tissue tumors; retinal hyperplasia |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| aka lynch; DNA mismatch repair genes; 80% to CRC; proximal colon |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| rectosigmoid > ascending > descending |
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|
Term
| exophytic mass, iron deficiency, weight loss |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| infiltrating mass, partial obstruction, colicky pain, hematochezia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| apple core lesion on barium enema |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| microsatellite instability pathway |
|
Definition
| DNA mismatch repair -> sporadic and HNPCC |
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|
Term
|
Definition
85%;
loss of APC -> increased colonic risk
KRAS mutation -> adenoma
loss of p53 -> CA |
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|
Term
| most common sites of carcinoid tumor |
|
Definition
| appendix, ileum, and rectum |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| symptoms of carcinoid syndrome |
|
Definition
| wheezing, R sided heart murmurs, diarrhea, flushing |
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