Term
| Diarrhea is the worldwide leading cause of death in what age group? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| >3 loss/unformed BM/d, abn inc. in stool wt (>300g/d), liquidity |
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Term
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Definition
| <14d, self-limited: drugs, food poisoning, or infxn |
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Term
| What is the most common cause of diarrhea? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common type of infectious agent that causes of diarrhea? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which viruses cause diarrhea? (4) |
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Definition
| Rotavirus, coronavirus, parvovirus, norovirus. |
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Term
| Name 4 bacteria that cause diarrhea. |
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Definition
| Salmonella, E.coli, Camphylobacter, V. cholerae |
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Term
| What might you suspect is the cause if diarrhea dev. w/i 12hrs of a meal? |
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Definition
| Ingestion of preformed toxin (botulism) |
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Term
| Name 3 protozoa that cause diarrhea. Describe the stools. |
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Definition
| Coccidia species, Cryptosporium, Giardia. Prolonged, watery diarrhea. |
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Term
| What is diarrhea that begins 3-7d /p arrival in a foreign location called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What would you suspect as the etiologic agent in a peds pt occuring in the winter mths and accompanied by vomiting? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 4 non-viral causes of diarrhea in peds pts. |
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Definition
| Overfeeding, CF, meds, and malabsorption |
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Term
| What would you suspect in a geriatric pt w/ watery diarrhea w/ chronic constipation? |
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Definition
| Fecal impaction or obstructing neoplasm |
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Term
| Differentiate b/t inflammatory and non-inflammatory diarrhea based on sx. |
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Definition
| Non-inflammatory: watery, nonbloody, lg. volume. Inflammatory: fever, bloody diarrhea, colonic tissue damage, sm. volume, fecal leukocytes. |
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Term
| What causes inflammatory diarrhea w/ blood and fever? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are additional sx seen in non-inflammatory diarrhea d/t toxin-producing bacteria/Giardia? |
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Definition
| Periumbilical cramps, N/V, bloating |
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Term
| What causes osmotic diarrhea? (2) |
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Definition
| 1)Ingestion of poorly absorbed solutes: mannitol, sorbitol, epson salts, Mg containing antacids 2)Malabsorption: lactose intolerance |
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Term
| What bacterial toxin is responsible for many deaths d/t secretory diarrhea? |
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Definition
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Term
| What laxatives result in secretory diarrhea? |
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Definition
| Senna, diocytl sodium sulfosuccinate |
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Term
| Which type of diarrhea will resolve /p being NPO for 2-3days, secretory or osmotic? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of diarrhea does caffeine cause? |
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Definition
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Term
| The majority of deaths d/t diarrhea in the US are in what age group? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the stools in diarrhea d/t E.coli in peds pts. |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the stools in diarrhea d/t Shigella. |
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Definition
| Blood-tinged mucus, no odor |
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Term
| What would be the likely etiology of diarrhea w/ cramping, pale-greasy stools, fatigue, and wt loss? |
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Definition
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Term
| If stools are watery, what portion of the GI tract is likely affected? If blood and mucus is present? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Loperamide (Imodium) and Bismuth subsalicylate (pepto-Bismol-Kaopectate) |
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Term
| What are side effects of bismuth subsalicylates? Why should they not be used in children <12yo. |
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Definition
| Blackened stools/tongue, tinnitus. Reye's syndrome d/t salicylates. |
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Term
| When would use consider using abx to tx diarrhea? |
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Definition
| Lasts >48h, >6 stools in 24h, fever, blood or pus in stools. |
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Term
| What anti-diarrheal meds are high risk for causing toxic megacolon? |
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Definition
| loperamide and diphenoxylate |
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Term
| Name 2 supplementations used to tx diarrhea. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 5 infections that can cause chronic diarrhea. |
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Definition
| Giardiasis, amebiasis, cyclospora, Whipple dz, intestinal capillariasis |
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Term
| Name 5 causes of pediatric chronic diarrhea. |
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Definition
| Toddler's diarrhea, cow's milk sensitivity enteropathy, infection, celiac dz, and idiopathic chronic diarrhea. |
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Term
| Name 2 additional sx seen in chronic diarrhea that are not typ. seen in acute. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 2 additional sx seen in chronic osmotic diarrhea. |
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Definition
| Steatorrhea and azotorrhea |
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