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Gastrointestinal
Diarrhea
35
Medical
Graduate
02/05/2010

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Cards

Term
Diarrhea is the worldwide leading cause of death in what age group?
Definition
<4 yo
Term
Define diarrhea.
Definition
>3 loss/unformed BM/d, abn inc. in stool wt (>300g/d), liquidity
Term
What is acute diarrhea?
Definition
<14d, self-limited: drugs, food poisoning, or infxn
Term
What is the most common cause of diarrhea?
Definition
Infection
Term
What is the most common type of infectious agent that causes of diarrhea?
Definition
Virus (50-70%)
Term
Which viruses cause diarrhea? (4)
Definition
Rotavirus, coronavirus, parvovirus, norovirus.
Term
Name 4 bacteria that cause diarrhea.
Definition
Salmonella, E.coli, Camphylobacter, V. cholerae
Term
What might you suspect is the cause if diarrhea dev. w/i 12hrs of a meal?
Definition
Ingestion of preformed toxin (botulism)
Term
Name 3 protozoa that cause diarrhea. Describe the stools.
Definition
Coccidia species, Cryptosporium, Giardia. Prolonged, watery diarrhea.
Term
What is diarrhea that begins 3-7d /p arrival in a foreign location called?
Definition
Traveler's diarrhea
Term
What would you suspect as the etiologic agent in a peds pt occuring in the winter mths and accompanied by vomiting?
Definition
Rotavirus
Term
Name 4 non-viral causes of diarrhea in peds pts.
Definition
Overfeeding, CF, meds, and malabsorption
Term
What would you suspect in a geriatric pt w/ watery diarrhea w/ chronic constipation?
Definition
Fecal impaction or obstructing neoplasm
Term
Differentiate b/t inflammatory and non-inflammatory diarrhea based on sx.
Definition
Non-inflammatory: watery, nonbloody, lg. volume. Inflammatory: fever, bloody diarrhea, colonic tissue damage, sm. volume, fecal leukocytes.
Term
What causes inflammatory diarrhea w/ blood and fever?
Definition
Dysentery
Term
What are additional sx seen in non-inflammatory diarrhea d/t toxin-producing bacteria/Giardia?
Definition
Periumbilical cramps, N/V, bloating
Term
What causes osmotic diarrhea? (2)
Definition
1)Ingestion of poorly absorbed solutes: mannitol, sorbitol, epson salts, Mg containing antacids 2)Malabsorption: lactose intolerance
Term
What bacterial toxin is responsible for many deaths d/t secretory diarrhea?
Definition
Vibrio cholerae
Term
What laxatives result in secretory diarrhea?
Definition
Senna, diocytl sodium sulfosuccinate
Term
Which type of diarrhea will resolve /p being NPO for 2-3days, secretory or osmotic?
Definition
Osmotic
Term
What type of diarrhea does caffeine cause?
Definition
Secretory
Term
The majority of deaths d/t diarrhea in the US are in what age group?
Definition
Elderly
Term
Describe the stools in diarrhea d/t E.coli in peds pts.
Definition
Green, soupy stools
Term
Describe the stools in diarrhea d/t Shigella.
Definition
Blood-tinged mucus, no odor
Term
What would be the likely etiology of diarrhea w/ cramping, pale-greasy stools, fatigue, and wt loss?
Definition
Giardia
Term
If stools are watery, what portion of the GI tract is likely affected? If blood and mucus is present?
Definition
Small bowel. Colon.
Term
Name 2 antidiarrheals.
Definition
Loperamide (Imodium) and Bismuth subsalicylate (pepto-Bismol-Kaopectate)
Term
What are side effects of bismuth subsalicylates? Why should they not be used in children <12yo.
Definition
Blackened stools/tongue, tinnitus. Reye's syndrome d/t salicylates.
Term
When would use consider using abx to tx diarrhea?
Definition
Lasts >48h, >6 stools in 24h, fever, blood or pus in stools.
Term
What anti-diarrheal meds are high risk for causing toxic megacolon?
Definition
loperamide and diphenoxylate
Term
Name 2 supplementations used to tx diarrhea.
Definition
Zinc and probiotics
Term
Name 5 infections that can cause chronic diarrhea.
Definition
Giardiasis, amebiasis, cyclospora, Whipple dz, intestinal capillariasis
Term
Name 5 causes of pediatric chronic diarrhea.
Definition
Toddler's diarrhea, cow's milk sensitivity enteropathy, infection, celiac dz, and idiopathic chronic diarrhea.
Term
Name 2 additional sx seen in chronic diarrhea that are not typ. seen in acute.
Definition
Tenesmus and flatus
Term
Name 2 additional sx seen in chronic osmotic diarrhea.
Definition
Steatorrhea and azotorrhea
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