• as volume decreases
• particles collide ____ frequently with the container walls
• so average force on container walls ________
• pressure ________ since p =

pressure =

the (perpendicular) ______ per unit ______ acting on a surface

density =

the ____ per unit ________ of a material

Two assumptions of the ideal gas laws.

1. fixed mass of gas (i.e. no new substance formed) 
2. particles are considered as point masses (i.e. they have no volume of their own)

State which Gas Law requires one of the quantities to be inverted to obtain a straight line through the origin.

Boyle's Law

OR

p₁V₁ = p₂V₂

Explain why temperatures must be expressed in kelvin, K rather than degrees celcius, ^oC when performing Gas Laws calculations.

Pressure and temperature are not ________ proportional to one another unless the origin coincides with absolute zero.

Pressure and volume are not _______ proportional to one another unless the origin coincides with absolute zero.

To convert from ^oC to K:

Add ___

Typical improvements to Gas Law experimental apparatus. With explanations.

• fully immerse flask in water to ensure gas is heated evenly
• place thermometer inside the flask to measure temperature of the gas directly
• reduce the length of rubber tubing to minimise any changes in volume due to increased / decreased pressure in the tubing

In the kinetic model an increase in temperature is explained by....

...increased (average) kinetic energy of the particles.