Term
Name the three fuel gases most used in the gas industry ?
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Definition
Natural gas (NG) and two liquefied petroleum gases (LP-gases) - propane and butane.
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Term
Name the 3 gases in the group of gases known as hydrocarbons (HC). |
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Definition
natural gas (NG) and two liquefied petroleum gases (LP-gases) - propane and butane.
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Term
What are two major
components of natural gas?
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Definition
•Methane = 87.4%
•Ethane = 6.8% |
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Term
What chemical formula represents natural gas?
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
[image]
Chemical structure of Methane |
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Term
How are LP-gases (hydrocarbons) stored and transported?
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Definition
as a liquid under pressure.
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Term
How are LP-gases are (hydrocarbons)
released for use in a gas burning appliance?
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Definition
They are vaporized from liquid into a fuel gas |
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Term
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Definition
The chemical structure for Propane
[image] |
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Term
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Definition
[image]
the chemical structure of Butane |
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Term
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Definition
No
Natural gas, propane and butane are non-toxic, tasteless, colourless and invisible |
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Term
What is added to the main three Fuel gases? |
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Definition
an odourant known as Mercaptan
This alerts the user of a gas escape and the possible danger of explosion or fire.
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Term
What is Specific gravity (Sg), and another term we use for it?
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Definition
Relative density,
is the comparison between the weight of the volume of a vapour or liquid gas and the weight of an equal volume of air or water.
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Term
What is the specific gravity of Air?
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Definition
Air has a specific gravity of 1.0.
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Term
What is the relative density of Natural gas and what will it do in a room compared to air?
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Definition
Relative density of 0.6, natural gas is lighter than air and will rise to the ceiling of a room.
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Term
Propane or butane leak develops in a gas line or appliance, LP-gas is likely to settle in_____? Because they are ______?
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Definition
low areas, heavier then air
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Term
The Sg (fuel vapour) propane ?
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Definition
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Term
The Sg (fuel vapour) butane? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the Sg of LP-gas Butane? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Sg of LP-gas Propane? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Sg of LP-gas Methane? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the specific gravity of LP-gas normally compared to?
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
The pressure caused by the molecular movement of LP-gas vapour pressure.
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Term
At atmospheric pressure,
the expansion of the three
gases is at a ratio of:
NG-
Propane-
Butane-
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Definition
–Natural Gas = 600:1
–Propane = 270:1
–Butane = 235:1 |
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Term
What does boiling point mean? (in regards to Liquid fuel)
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Definition
is the point at which a liquid fuel will boil off into a vapour.
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Term
In what state is natural gas handled?
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Definition
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Term
| As the LP-gas temperature increases, what happens to the storage tank? |
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Definition
the pressure increases because a increase in vapour pressure
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Term
The boiling point of liquid Methane in F and C?
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Definition
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Term
| The boiling point of liquid Propane in F and C? |
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Definition
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Term
| The boiling point of liquid Butane in F and C? |
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Definition
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Term
| Water boils at __ in F and C? |
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Definition
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Term
What are the the units of measure you use for the heat content of fuel? and their acronym |
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Definition
British thermal units per cubic foot (Btu/cu ft)
or kilowatts per cubic metre (kWlm3)
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Term
What does the calorific value (CV) of gases mean and when would you use it?
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Definition
its a measurement of energy or heat released or heating power.
when calculating flow rates in cu ft or m3 for pipe sizing or orifice sizing.
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Term
What is the CV of Methane gas in BTU/Ft and Kj/M3?
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Definition
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Term
| What is the CV of Propane gas in BTU/Ft and Kj/M3? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the CV of Butane gas in BTU/Ft and Kj/M3? |
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Definition
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Term
______ the upper and lower ranges of gas in the air-gas mixture that will support combustion.
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Definition
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Term
Range of flammability of Propane gas?
Upper and lower limit
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Definition
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Term
Range of flammability of Butane gas?
Upper and lower limit |
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Definition
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Term
Range of flammability of Natural gas?
Upper and lower limit |
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Definition
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Term
What do you call,
the temperature at which an air-gas mixture will initiate and support combustion? |
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Definition
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Term
Ignition temperature of natural gas in F and C?
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Definition
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Term
| Ignition temperature of Propane gas in F and C? |
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Definition
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Term
| Ignition temperature of butane gas in F and C? |
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Definition
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Term
Maximum flame temperature can only be reached at ____ which is the theoretical point at which combustion may occur
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Definition
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Term
In practice, the gas fitter provides excess __ to provide enough ___ to ensure the complete combustion of the fuel.
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Definition
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Term
| Maximum flame temperature of natural gas in F and C? |
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Definition
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Term
| Maximum flame temperature of Propane gas in F and C? |
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Definition
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Term
Flame speed of natural gas?
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Definition
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Term
| how far minimum in the ground is a Sacrificial Anode buried compared to our pipe? |
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Definition
| down 3 feet, below the bottom of our pipe and 2 feet away horizontally from our pipe |
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Term
| What is the difference between Sacrificial Anode and Impressed Current? |
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Definition
Sacrificial Anode is a highly active metal that can protect less active metal surfaces from corrosion. Impressed Current utilizes electro-chemical means to protect
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Term
| What is it called when the amount of line pressure that is permanently lost as gas passes through an instrument in the gas line? |
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Definition
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Term
What is happens if the gas pressure is too low to your furnace?
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Definition
your furnace's efficiency will go down. It will also lead to a greater amount of condensation of burned gases. That is because the proportion of air in the air-fuel mixture will be too great
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Term
| What is Inches of water Column? |
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Definition
| is a measurement of how much force it takes to push a column of water up a number of inches |
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Term
Not enough air for your flame, what does it cause?
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Definition
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Term
What is longest measured run?
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Definition
The is the distance from the point of gas supply(meter or reg) to the manifold of the furthest appliance
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Term
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Definition
| this is the volume of fuel that must pass through the pipe each hour? |
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Term
| What determines the piping load? |
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Definition
| this volume is determined by the appliance load connected to that pipe |
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Term
| What are the steps required to size a piping system? |
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Definition
1. sketch the piping system with the dimensions of all pipe sections
2.ID the gas (nat,prop)
3.ID piping material (iron,copper)
4.ID the pressure system and drop
5.select correct table
6. Calculate the gas load on each section of pipe and list the loads
7.Calculate the longest measured run
8.locate code zone
9.use code to size each section |
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Term
What is the max pressure allowed for a 1 and 2 family dwelling and row houses? in psig,kpa
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Definition
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Term
What is the max pressure allowed for a residential dwelling other then a 1 and 2 family dwelling and row houses? in psig,kpa and include whats allowed in mechanical rm
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Definition
5 psig, 35 kpa
in boiler rm its 20 psig, 140 kpa |
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Term
What is the max pressure drop for gas, and propane on a 2 psig system?
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Definition
1.5 psig for NG
1 psig for Propane |
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Term
Where is the shutoff located for the regulator?
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Definition
On the high pressure side so it can be serviced
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Term
Where is a 2 psig pressure zone?
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Definition
| The piping from meter to regulator |
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Term
| Where is a low pressure zone? |
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Definition
The piping from the regulator to the appliances
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Term
| What is high pressure gas? |
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Definition
Any gas pressure over 1/2 psig
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Term
| Low pressure clocking formula? |
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Definition
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Term
| High pressure clocking formula? |
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Definition
| (3600 x TD x CV x PCF x TCF)/sec/rv |
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Term
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Definition
(460F +60 F)/ 460F + temp of gas
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Term
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Definition
(local atmospheric presssure + meter pressure)/14.73
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Term
What is the pressure drop for an increase of 2000ft in elavation from any level?
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Sched 40 and 80 have what diameter in common?
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Definition
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Term
Flexible stainless steel tubing is allowed on gas systems up to ?
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Definition
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Term
Where can Plastic pipe or tubing be used?
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Definition
In exterior underground installations such as:
•distribution mains
•house service lines
after meter underground |
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Term
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Definition
Some installations need air to maintain a fresh atmosphere in the mechanical room.
To prevent sooting or carbon monoxide in the flue products, you ensure that there is enough combustion air for efficient fuel burning.
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Term
| where does the air discharge terminates burner? |
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Definition
| Note that the air discharge terminates beside and above the burner |
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Term
What is a direct vent appliance?
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Definition
| is a completely sealed propane or natural gas burning heating or decorative appliance, with a glass front. Combustion air comes from the outside of your house, and the flue gases vent to the exterior of your house through a separate pipe |
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Term
| What does BTU stand for and what is it ? |
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Definition
| British Thermal Unit, in the Imperial system, its 1 BTU is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 LBS of water by 1 degree F |
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Term
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Definition
| is the basic Imperial unit for expressing heat flow and heat output per hour. |
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Term
| What is the metric systems equivalents of BTU/h? |
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Definition
they are watt (W), the kilowatt(kW) and the megawatt (MW)
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Term
| Which one of Hydrocarbons is the most stable? |
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Definition
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Term
In the Natural Gas and Propane Installation Code what is the air supply requirement?
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Definition
| All gas appliances require an adequate supply of air for safe, efficient combustion and control of the venting system |
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Term
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Definition
| Some installations also need air to maintain a fresh atmosphere in the mechanical room. |
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Term
How do you prevent sooting or carbon monoxide in the flue products?
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Definition
you ensure that there is enough combustion air for efficient fuel burning
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Term
What is required to control the vent draft?
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Definition
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Term
That is the usual ratio of air to fuel?
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Definition
| it is 30 cu ft of air per 1,000 Btu's of heat generated. |
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Term
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Definition
is the combination of air and flue gases that lower emission concentration
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Term
What are two systems for supplying adequate combustion air?
–natural air flow
–forced air flow.
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Definition
Natural air flow and Forced air flow |
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Term
When using outside air, where does it go? |
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Definition
Its brought right to boiler/furnace and that the air discharge terminates beside and above the burner.
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Term
What does the Gas Code say about allowances for air to be supplied mechanically (forced airflow)?
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Definition
it needs to be "in accordance with good engineering practice," and that it supply 30 cu ft of air per 1,000 Btu of input
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Term
When will a make-up air heater method often be used?
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Definition
If an air supply is cold, which could cause discomfort to people or damage to equipment in the building.
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Term
| What are two situations needing ventilation air? |
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Definition
–Build-ups of excessive heat
–Flue gas spillage
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Term
What is "Build-up of excessive heat"?
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Definition
This is usually where heat loss from the boilers and other equipment causes build-ups of excessive room temperature.
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Term
What stops "Build-up of excessive heat"?
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Definition
To prevent such build-ups, ventilation openings allow convection currents to make regular changes to the boiler room's air volume.
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Term
What is "Flue gas spillage"? How do you prevent it?
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Definition
A flue or a vent may become plugged, causing severe spillage of flue gas through the draft control device. This can quickly contaminate the boiler room's atmosphere and interfere with the combustion process.
To prevent it a ventilation opening allows the flue gas to escape outdoors and maintains a fresh atmosphere in the boiler room |
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Term
| Define was a direct-vent appliance means? |
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Definition
When the appliance gets all combustion air and vents all combustion products, directly vented from the outside.
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Term
| What is the typical vet pressure for an atmospheric (Category 1) appliance. |
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Definition
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Term
| Floating flames can be caused by: |
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Definition
| a blockage at the flue collar |
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