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Games and Systems
List of games and their contribution to the history of video games.
119
Games
Undergraduate 3
01/22/2014

Additional Games Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Bagatelle
Definition
Late 1800s
Most direct progenitor to videogames.
Term
Baffle Ball
Definition
1931 [David Gottlieb]
First mass-produced game.
Change from cue to plunger.
Granddaddy of pinball machines.
Term
Contact
Definition
1933 [Henry Williams]
First pinball machine with electronic scoring components.
Term
Humpty Dumpty
Definition
1947 [Harry Mabs]
Inclusion of flippers.
Change from luck-based to skill-based game.
Term
Triple Action
Definition
1948 [Steven Kordek]
Six flippers replaced with two.
First of modern pinball machines.
Term
Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) 'Game'
Definition
1947 [Thomas T. Goldman]
Vacuum tube with electron guns and fluorescent screen.
Inspired by WWII radar displays.
Missile simulator.
Screen overlays.
Term
NIM
Definition
1951
Mathematical strategy game on machines.
Term
OXO/Noughts and Crosses
Definition
1952 [Alexander S. Douglas]
Rotary telephone dialer as controller.
Term
Tennis for Two
Definition
1958 [William Higgenbotham]
Modified CRT/Oscilloscope to bounce electron beam back and forth.
Widely popular with Brookhaven's visitor's day.
Term
Spacewar!
Definition
1962 [Steven Russell]
PDP-1 computer.
Inspired hacks by other students at the universities.
No AI - human opponent.
Never made any profit.
Term
Computer Space
Definition
1971 [Nolan Bushnell]
Commercial failure: controls were too complex.
Fiberglass cabinet: inspired the design of arcade cabinets.
Term
Magnavox Odyssey
Definition
1972 [Magnavox/Ralph Baer]
First video game home console.
Offered different games by using screen overlays.
Term
PONG
Definition
1972 [Atari/Al Alcorn]
First arcade game with widespread success.
Simple gameplay and clear objective.
Term
Pin Pong
Dr. Pong
Pong Doubles
Definition
1974 [Atari]
Alternative Pong games created by Atari.
Term
Gran Trak 10
Definition
1974 [Atari]
First driving video game.
Didn't do too well - difficult controls and unimpressive graphics.
Term
Gotcha
Definition
1973/1974 [Atari]
Controversial - controllers were rubber balls similar to female breasts.
Did ok in terms of success, but not a big success.
Term
Maneater
Definition
1975
Cabinet shaped like a shark mouth.
Objective: Hunt Sharks
Term
Gunfight
Definition
1975 [Midway]
New graphics style.
First Japanese game in US market.
Term
Tank
Definition
1974 [Kee Games]
Very popular game to 'compete' against Atari.
Term
Breakout
Definition
1976 [Atari]
One of first games to have color.
Designed to have reduced number of Integrated Circuits.
Term
National Semiconductor
Definition
1976 [National Semiconductor]
Used to make chips for Atari games.
Tried to compete with Atari in game business.
Term
Coleco Telstar
Definition
1976 [Coleco]
First game system from Coleco.
FCC problems - prototype was originally unsafe. Fixed by Ralph Baer.
Term
Channel F
Definition
1976 [Fairchild]
First game system to have unique 'controllers' and interchangeable cartridges.
Games not popular but hardware caught on for future systems.
Term
Death Race
Definition
1976 [Exidy]
First video game controversy based on content aimed at kids.
Use cars to run over 'gremlins' that screamed and left crosses when killed.
Very successful.
Term
Video Computer System/Atari 2600
Definition
1977 [Atari]
First game console with joysticks.
Utilized MOS Technologies 6502; 'Stella'
8-Bit processor.
Term
Sea Wolf
Definition
1976 [Midway]
Included periscope to shoot down ships.
Term
Adventure
Definition
1979 [Atari]
Contains the first Easter Egg in a video game.
Made by Warren Robinett
Term
Space Invaders
Definition
1978 [Taito]
Very successful Japanese game in Japan and US
Term
Football
Definition
1979 [Atari]
Game that utilized a trackball and caused many injuries to players.
Term
Spacewars
Definition
1978 [Cinematronics]
Arcade game made by Steven Russell
Term
Asteroids
Definition
1979 [Atari]
Successful arcade game that didn't utilize color.
Vector scan.
Term
Centipede
Definition
1980 [Atari]
Programmed by first female game designer.
Term
Galaxian
Definition
1979 [Midway]
Breakthrough in colors.
Term
Missile Command
Definition
1980 [Atari]
One of the most difficult games to beat.
Term
Defender
Definition
1980 [Williams Electronics/Eugene Jarvis]
First game with side-scrolling.
Term
Pac Man
Definition
1980 [Namco]
Original name 'Puck Man'
Inspired by eating pizza.
Intended for nonviolent gaming audience.
Term
Battlezone
Definition
1980 [Atari/Ed Rotberg]
Use of periscope to shoot tanks.
Request from military to train soldiers - declined.
Game with immersion; vector graphics.
Term
Donkey Kong
Definition
1981 [Nintendo]
Nintendo's first big success in US market.
One of first games with a story and characters.
Term
Ms. Pac Man
Definition
1982 [Midway]
Modified game board.
Not created by original creator.
Most popular arcade game in history.
Term
ET and Home Pac Man
Definition
1982 [Atari]
Games made for Christmas 1982.
Poor quality and too many created.
Buried in Alomogordo desert.
One of causes of Great Video Game Crash
Term
Pitfall
Definition
1982 [Activision]
One of most successful Activision games.
Originally for Atari 2600, ported to other systems later on.
Term
Q*bert
Definition
1982 [Gottlieb Company]
Fairly successful game.
Only video game from Gottlieb Company.
Well known for its sounds and character.
Term
Magnavox Odyssey 2
Definition
1978 [Magnavox]
Odd designs for game cartridges.
Poor graphics and games.
Commercial failure.
Term
Intellivision
Definition
1980 [Mattel]
Decent system.
Had similar games to VCS and Colecovision.
Term
Colecovision
Definition
1982 [Coleco]
Two-year development period.
Arcade-quality graphics.
Brighter colors and smoother animation.
Very successful.
Term
Atari 5200
Definition
1982 [Atari]
Never as popular as VCS/2600.
Worse graphics than Colecovision.
Poor controller (joystick).
Did not sell well.
Term
Tempest
Definition
1981 [Atari/Dave Theurer]
First 'First Person Shooter'
Term
Gorgar
Definition
1979 [Atari/Eugene Jarvis]
First game with sympathized speech.
Term
Vectrex
Definition
1982 [General Consumer Electronics/ Milton Bradley Company]
Console with TV included.
Too expensive, preloaded games only, couldn't replace TV.
Example of market flooding.
Term
Chase the Chuckwagon
Definition
1982 [Purina Dog Food]
Very simple maze game.
Example of market flooding.
Term
One-on-One: Dr. J vs. Larry Bird
Definition
1983 [Electronic Arts]
First game to be endorsed by athletes
Term
John Madden Football
Definition
1988 [Electronic Arts]
Longest running game franchise.
Term
Fox and Geese
Definition
~1968/1969 [Nolan Bushnell]
One of Bushnell's earliest games.
Prototype AI.
Term
Radar Scope
Space Fever
Sheriff
Definition
1979-1980
Nintendo games - failures at succeeding in US market.
Term
Famicom (JPN)
Nintendo Entertainment System (US)
Definition
1983 [Nintendo]
First home-console for Nintendo.
Redesigned for US market.
Term
ROB
Robotic Operating Buddy
Definition
1985 [Nintendo]
Included with NES in order to sell system as a toy/entertainment system.
Only worked with two games.
Term
Gyromite & Stack-Up
Definition
1985 [Nintendo]
The two games compatible with ROB.
Term
Duck Hunt & Hogan's Alley
Definition
1984-1985 [Nintendo]
Two games compatible with the Zapper.
Example of progression in video game graphics/visual style.
Term
Periscope
Definition
1968 [SEGA]
First major success for SEGA.
Introduced .25/play mechanic.
Term
Mark III (JPN)
Master System (US)
Definition
1986 [SEGA]
First introduction into US market.
Top-Loading Cartridges; joypad/dpad.
Term
Zelda I
Definition
1987 [Nintendo]
Full-screen movement
Instruction booklet and call center
One of first to sell 1 million cartridges
Term
Mike Tyson's Punch Out
Definition
1987 [Nintendo]
Early 1st person on console.
Athletic endorsement ended after contract to uphold brand/family-friendly image.
Term
Metroid
Definition
1987 [Nintendo]
One of first games with alternative endings based on completion/time.
Precision jumping and female protagonist.
Term
Castlevania
Definition
1987 [Konami]
Immersive environment, shading, smooth motion, compelling story
Term
Gradius
Definition
1987 [Konami]
First use of the Konami Code
Term
Maniac Mansion
Definition
1987; 1990 [Lucas Arts]
Example of censorship and easter eggs in 3rd-party games.
Explode the hamster in the microwave
Term
Super Mario Bros 2 (USA)
Definition
1988 [Nintendo]
Originally 'Doki Doki Panic'
Released for American audience.
Term
Super Mario Bros 2 (JPN)
Super Mario Bros: The Lost Levels
Definition
1986 [Nintendo]
Original sequel to SMB1
Thought to be too difficult for American players.
Eventually released in US.
Term
Contra
Definition
1988 [Konami]
'Rated R' game in its original release.
Didn't fit Nintendo's image.
Term
Zelda II: Adventure of Link
Definition
1988 [Nintendo]
Different from original game.
Side-scrolling with RPG elements.
Term
SEGA 1000
SEGA 1000 M2
Definition
1983-1984
Early Sega home consoles.
Only released in Japan
Forgettable.
Term
Tengan Tetris
Definition
1988 [Tengan/Atari]
Version of Tetris made for NES using stolen/cracked 10NES Code.
Removed from stores after Nintendo's threats
Term
Tetris [NES/GB]
Definition
1989 [Nintendo]
Nintendo's versions of Tetris.
Term
Genesis
Definition
1989 [SEGA]
Motorola 68000 Processor
Zilog Z80 Secondary Processor
64 Colors and 16-Bit
Term
Altered Beasts
Definition
1989 [SEGA]
Showed off Graphics of the system.
Originally packaged with the Genesis.
Term
Moonwalker
Definition
1989 [SEGA]
Game made by/endorsed by Michael Jackson
Term
TurboGrafx 16
Definition
1987 (JPN)/1989 (US) [Hudson Soft and NEC]
Competition in the 16-Bit war
Term
Super Mario Bros 3
Definition
1989 [Nintendo]
Sold 17 million copies worldwide
Example of success of 8-bit game
Term
GameBoy
Definition
1989 [Nintendo/Gunpei Yokoi]
First handheld for Nintendo
Bundled with Tetris - big success
Term
Sonic the Hedgehog
Definition
1991 [SEGA/Yuji Naka]
Created to be SEGA's new character mascot.
Focused on speed and attitude.
Term
Super Famicom
Super Nintendo Entertainment System
Definition
1990 (JPN)/1991 (US) [Nintendo]
16-Bit; 32,000 colors; Custom Processor
Term
Super Mario World
Definition
1991 [Nintendo/Miyamoto]
Game packaged with SNES
Shading, depth, minute details
Sold all 1 million US units
Term
Final Fight
Definition
1989 (Capcom)
Decent game that showcased Okamoto's abilities.
Term
Time Warp
Definition
--- (Konami)
Game that got Okamoto fired from Konami
Term
Street Fighter
Definition
1987 (Capcom; Arcade/TurboGrafx CD)
Foreground, Facial Expressions, Animation, Details
Decent enough to warrant sequent
Term
Street Fighter II
Definition
1991/1992 (Capcom; Arcade/SNES)
Clean, ornately detailed, cartoony, colorful/humorous, brutal action, hidden moves (chain combos), bright graphics
Nintendo bought exclusive home-console rights
Term
SEGA CD
Definition
1992
CD attachment for the Sega Genesis
Term
Night Trap
Sewer Shark
Definition
1992
Games for the Sega CD
One caused controversy because of gameplay and content
Term
Myst
Definition
1993
PC game
Crisp clean lines, atmosphere, weather elements, shadows, shapes
Father of Computer Games
1st PC game to sell 1 million
Sold 4 million copies
Term
Doom
Definition
1993
Violent and Controversial PC Game
Very Successful
Term
The 7th Guest
Definition
1993
Decent PC Game
Point & Click Ghost Story
Term
Mortal Kombat
Definition
1993
Successful fighting game
Violent fatalities caused controversy
Term
Jaguar
Definition
1993 [Atari]
Marketed as 64-Bit System
Unsuccessful:
Too expensive
Not many games produced
Not really 64-bit console
Term
3DO
Definition
1993 [Panasonic]
RJ Mical and Dave Needle
32-Bit Console with Multimedia features: games, photos, and music.
3D graphics easier and better quality
Unsuccessful:
Too expensive
Term
Saturn
Definition
1994-95 [Sega]
32-Bit System
Very Popular in Japan
Hesitation to Release in US causes problems for Sega
Term
Virtua Fighter
Definition
1993-95 [Sega]
Popular arcade game in Japan
Translated well to console.
One reason US players wanted Sega Saturn and were upset by delayed release.
Term
32X
Definition
1994 [Sega]
Released as hardware intended to expand lifespan of Genesis as a 32-bit console
Released in US instead of Saturn.
Unsuccessful:
Few good games developed for console.
Terrible party thrown for critics.
Term
Killer Instinct
Definition
1994 [Nintendo]
SNES game used to show off the hardware capabilities of 'Ultra 64' console.
Term
Donkey Kong Country
Definition
1994 [Nintendo/Rare]
Very successful game - saved SNES
Artistic, technological breakthrough, smooth animation
Fastest selling game 1973-1994
Won Nintendo the 16-bit war
Term
Seven Sega Consoles in the Market
Definition
Genesis
Saturn
Game Gear
Pico
CD
32x
32x CD
Term
PlayStation 1
Definition
1994-1995 [Sony]
Console easy to develop/program games
Described as elegant, sleek, and powerful
Priced $100 cheaper than Sega Saturn
Received 100+ developers and 300+ games by US release
Term
Virtual Boy
Definition
1995 [Nintendo]
Major console failure for Nintendo
Only two colors, black and red.
Caused discomfort and headaches
Unfounded blame on Gunpei Yokoi
Term
Nintendo 64
Definition
1995-1996 [Nintendo]
AKA Project Reality/Ultra 64
Included analogue controller and pressure sensitivity as innovation.
Nintendo's 64-Bit/3D console.
Term
Pokemon
Definition
1996-1997 [Nintendo/Game Freak]
Big seller that kept the GameBoy alive.
Contained 2 versions to encourage trading social interaction.
Generated a billion-dollar franchise.
Term
Goldeneye
Definition
1997 [Rare]
Popular first-person shooter for N64
Five million copies sold by 1999
Challenged Nintendo's 'Family Friendly' image.
Term
Dreamcast
Definition
1999 [Sega]
Sega's final console.
3 million polygons/second.
Brought change in Sega's advertising.
Made obsolete before its release.
Term
PlayStation 2
Definition
2000 [Sony]
Capable of 60 million polygons/second.
Media console.
Backward compatible.
Make the Dreamcast obsolete before its release.
Term
XBox
Definition
2001 [Microsoft]
Microsoft's first game console
Kept as a secret project until its release.
Stripped down Windows with ethernet card
Better graphics than PS2
Term
Sonic Adventure 1
Definition
1998-1999 [Sega]
One of best selling games for Dreamcast.
Term
Gran Turismo 3
Definition
2001 [Sony]
Racing Game that was instant million seller
Really helped boost hardware sales for the console.
Term
Halo
Definition
2001 [Microsoft]
First-person shooter that was widely successful for online multiplayer
Really helped boost hardware sales for the console.
Term
Nintendo Gamecube
Definition
2001 [Nintendo]
Decent game system in terms of games and technology.
Limited launch titles and small library.
Not seen as a 'big contender' console.
Term
XBox 360
Definition
2005 [Microsoft]
Developed from 2003-2005.
Super computer of gaming.
78.2 million copies sold by 2013
Term
Wii
Definition
2006 [Nintendo]
Console that was a massive academic success
Seen as a 'healthy console'
Advancement in technology with motion control
Saves Nintendo
Term
PlayStation 3
Definition
2006 [Sony]
Expanded RAM w/ cell microprocessor
Game-genre oriented as big selling point
Term
Wii U
Definition
2012 [Nintendo]
Image as a family console
Advertised for multiplayer, family experience
Limited by lack of available games
Term
XBox One
Definition
2013 [Microsoft]
Human interaction with console/machine as big selling point.
Fear of camera/spying hurt sales
Titan Falls boosting sales
Term
PlayStation 4
Definition
2013 [Sony]
Classic gaming for gamers as big selling point.
Focus on games, community, and experience.
Fastest selling console in history
Term
Steam
Definition
2012 [Valve]
A digital distributor of multiplatform videogames.
Useful for big companies and indie games
Might provoke more competition, creativity, and price wars with big game companies.
Supporting users have an ad free experience!