Term
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Definition
| edema, corticosteroid/estrogen therapy, cirrhosis of the liver, hypertension, renal disease, cerebral edema and acute glaucoma |
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Term
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Definition
dizziness, lightheadedness, headache, weakness, fatigue
orthostatic hypotension, electrolyte imbalance
glycosuria,anorexia,N,V |
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Term
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Definition
when there is an electrolyte imbalance,
severe kidney or liver disf,
anuria (no urine) |
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Term
herbal alerts:
numerous OTC diuretics are available, most are ineffective or are as effective as caffine. the ones that posses activity are: celery, juniper berries, St. John'sWart, foxglove,horse tail, licorice, ephedra, hibiscus, parsley, elderberry,digitalis purpurea.
contraindications: |
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Definition
| diuretic teas such as juniper berries and shave grass or horse tail are contraindicated. Juniper berries have been assoc. with renal disease.Horse tail contains severely toxic compounds. Teas with ephedrine should be avoided by individuals with hypertension. |
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Term
Diuretics will increase hypertension when taken wth antihypertensive drugs
When taken with salicates & NSAIDS; will decrease diuretic effectiveness.
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Definition
When taken with antidiabetic drugs; will cause hypoglycemia
When taking with surgical anesthesia;will increase anesthesia effectiveness. |
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Term
Pre admin for:
Edema:
check vitals, weight, level of serum electrolytes.
note edema if present, chart extent and degree.
ongoing: flip |
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Definition
daily weight, I & O every 8 hrs.
if pt has renal disease: I & O and vitals every 4hrs |
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Term
pre admin: carbonic anyhydrase inhibitors for IOP
(intra occular pressure)
check pain levels and vitals
evaluate pain every 2 hrs
nursing alert: flip |
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Definition
| notify Dr. immediately if eye pain increases orif pain has not begun to decrease 3 to 4 hrs after 1st dose of diuretic. If pt has acute closed angle glaucoma,check pupil for dialation and reaction to light every 2 hrs. |
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Term
pre admin: epilepsy
weight, vitals, chart frequency of seizures.
especially in beginning of treatment
ongoing:flip |
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Definition
chart time of seizure if one occurs.
Time of onset, duration. |
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Term
pre admin: cerebral edema
check bp, vitals, every 30 - 60 min.
ongoing: flip |
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Definition
| perform nueroligic assassments, notify Dr. forany change in bp, resp, or chang in nueroligic status. |
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Term
pre admin: renal compromise
check vitals, BUN, createnine clearance levels,
ongoing: flip |
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Definition
dri=ugs may precipitate azotemia (accum. of nitrogenous waste) If NPN or BUN increases with hold drug.
Serumuric acid is also monitored, check for any joit pain, gout. |
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Term
Pts at risk for Hypokalemia should take potassium sparing diuretics. Nurses will monitor serum potassium levels on these pts for risk of hyperkalemia. If pt has symptoms of hyperkalemia or if serum potassium levels exceed 5.3meq
drug is discontinued and Dr. notified.
nursing alert:flip |
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Definition
signs and symtpoms of hyperkalemia:
paresthesia (numbness, tingling, or prickling sensation) muscualr weakness. fatigue, flaccid paralysis of the extremeties, bradycardia, shock amd ekg abnormalities. |
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Term
hyponatremia:
cold, clammy, decreased skin turgor,confusion,hypotension, irritability, tachycardia |
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Definition
hypomagnesemia:
leg and foot cramps, hypertention, tachy, nueromuscular irritability, tremor, hyperactive deep tendon reflexes, visual/auditory hallucinations, parasthesias, confusion |
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Term
dehydration:
thirst, poor skin turgor, dry mucus membranes, weakness, dizziness, fever, low urine output |
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Definition
hypokalemia:
anorexia, NV,depression, confusion, cardiac arrhythmias, impaired thought process,drowsiness |
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Term
hyperkalemia:
irritability,anxiety, confusion, N, D, cardiac arrhythmias,
abdominal distress
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Definition
nursing diagnosis:
impaired uniary elimaination (due to frequency)
risk for deficient fluid volume( due to excessive diuresis)
risk for injury(due to lightheadedness, dizziness and cardiac arrhythimias) |
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Term
Lifespan alert:
older adults are prone to fluid volume deficit and electrolyte imbalacewhile taking diuretics. monitor for hypo and hyperkalemia |
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Definition
Nursng Alert:
warning signs of fluid and electrolyte imb.:
dry mouth, thirst, weakness, lethargy, drowsiness, restlessness, muscle pains, cramps,confusion, gi disturbances,hypotension, oliguria, tachycardia, seizures. |
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Term
educating pt:
take med in early morning. may be taken with food,
know signs of fluid and electrolyte imbalalnce,
*Do not stop taking drug or omit doses
*take w/food or milk
*do not reduce fluid intake
*do not drink alcohol or otc meds
*weigh yourself daily |
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Definition
*after a time diuretic effectiveness may decrease
do not discontinue
*pts w/ diabetes glucose may be elevated
*pts on potassium-sparing do not eat foods high in potassium
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Term
potassium rich foods:
meats-beef, chicken, pork, turkey, veal
fish-flounder, haddock, halibut, salmon, sardines(canned) scallops,tuna
fruits-apricots, avocado, bannanas, prunes,cantalope,dates, rasins, oranges tomato juice
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Definition
veggie-carrots, limabeans, potatoes, radishes, spinach, sweetpotatoes, tomatoes
othersources-coffee, gongersnaps, grahm crackers, molasses, peanuts, nuts, tea |
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