Term
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Definition
| authoritative decisions made in all three branches of govt to direct behaviors of others |
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Term
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Definition
| Aggregate principals that characterize the distribution of resources, services, political influences that impact population health |
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Term
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Definition
| ed/state policies/laws shape all aspects of health care systems |
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Term
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Definition
it is the main too to organize ourselves
a society as sprawling as ours needs something to provide a measure of control |
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Term
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Definition
| a power or privilege that haws been guaranteed to an individual under the law |
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Term
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Definition
| a SYSTEM by which rules are created, disseminated, enforced, violated, disputed, interpreted, applied, reversed... |
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Term
| wHhat are the three branches of legal structure |
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Definition
LEGISLATIVE/congressional - makes it
EXECUTIVE - enforces it
JUDICIAL - interprets it |
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Term
| What are the three important powers that congress to be influential in the health policy process? |
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Definition
The power to make all laws..
the power to tax
the power to spend |
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Term
| What are the sources of law? |
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Definition
federal/state - constitutions, statues
federal - regulations
ordinances: municipal (city/county)
judicial |
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Term
| what is the three tier court system |
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Definition
1)supreme court - big cases go here
2) court of appeals - only hears judges legal arguments
3) trial court - hears all cases first |
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Term
| What are the two categories of health policies? |
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Definition
| allocative and rergulatory |
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Term
| What are allocative policies? |
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Definition
provide net benefits to some distinct group at the expense of others to make sure public objectives are met
they direct the goods to a group or to individuals |
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Term
| what is a distributive allocative policy? |
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Definition
-they distribute (through policy) - a policy that spreads benefits
-a redistrubutive allocative policy, redistributes goods (takes money from here and puts it over there) |
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Term
| What is a regulatory policy? |
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Definition
| one that influences the actions, behaviors, and decision of others in a target group directly they monitor the group, offer incentives and impose sanctions if they fail to comply |
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Term
| What are some major dilemmas in the future of health care management? |
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Definition
- Universal coverage—not achievable. Other models haven’t achieved this. Achieving this would require single-payer system
- Preexisting conditions—risk increases premiums for everyone; how will these remain affordable?
- Cost—reform not feasible w/out cost controls; universal care for any ailment not feasible. Mindset change is needed (individual responsibility, self-management, prevention service, health education)
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Term
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Definition
individual mandate, with penalties
tax penalties for larger employers
expansion of medicaid
tax credit for small businesses
Outlaw denial of health ins for preexisting conditions
premium subsidies for those 400% of the FPL |
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Term
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Definition
- expansin of medicaid, enrollment in MC, rationing,
- state funding to offer health ins to those with pre-existing conditions
- employer mandate (pay or play was not authorizd under ERISA)
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Term
| What is the policy making model? |
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Definition
FIM
-Formulation of phase
-implementation of phase
-modification phase |
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Term
| What are the five components of a policy making CYCLE? |
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Definition
1. issue raising
2. policy design
3. public support
4. legislative decision making,policy support
5. legislative implementation |
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Term
| What are some fetures of health policymaking? |
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Definition
fragmented
pleuralistic
interest group politics
decentralized role for states
govt as subsidary for frivate sector
politics |
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Term
| How can govt infringe on public health? |
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Definition
| govt can infringe on the rights of individuals and business to promote communical good |
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Term
| What are the four principals of medical ethics? |
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Definition
Autonomu
beneficence
nonmaleficence
justice - fair treatment for everyone
MAUF |
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Term
| What are the public health ethics? |
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Definition
beneficence - GOAL IN PH (promote welfare of others)
Autonomy - not as much a big deal in PH, rights to privacy and freedom as long as they dont result in harm
social justice - CENTRAL IN PH (equality of opportunity, access, equity of benefits) |
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Term
| What mechanisms are there for resolving ethical issues in health care? |
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Definition
ombudsmen- someone who investigates individuals complaints
institutional review boards
ethics committees
standards set by professional associations
practice guidences
Financing mechanisms
Courts of law
NIH- has Bioethics department
CDC - forme an ethics subcommitte for their advisory group |
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Term
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Definition
the limiting of resources going to medical care
not all care expected to be beneficial is provided to all
the distribution of limited resources in a fair manner |
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Term
| What is explicit rationing? |
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Definition
Withholding care based on social policy choices
(we all ready ration care by ability to pay) |
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Term
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Definition
No hope - no treatment
the belief that in cases where there is no hope for improvement, no course of treatment is called for. |
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Term
| What is the dilemma of universal coverage? |
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Definition
even the ACA would leave 23 million uninsured
Oregon and HI have not been able to achieve universal healthcare
Achieving universal coverage would require a single-payer plan |
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Term
| What is the dilemma of pre-existing conditions? |
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Definition
| underwriting without risk rating increases the premiums for everyone. |
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Term
| What is the dilemma of cost? |
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Definition
any health reform is UNSUSTAINABLE without cost control
in MA, both health care costs and premium increases have surpassed the national averages
Universal care for ANY ailment ON DEMAND is UNFEASIBLE |
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