Term
| What is in Phylum Chytridiomycota |
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Definition
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Term
| What is in Phylum Deuteromycota |
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Definition
| The Deuteromycetes (Imperfect Fungi) |
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Term
| What is in Phylum Zygomycota? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is in Phylum Ascomycot? |
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Definition
| The Ascomycetes (Sac Fungi) |
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Term
| What is in Phylum Basidiomycota? |
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Definition
| The Basidiomycetes(Club Fungi) |
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Term
| What are Phylum Chytridiomycota (The chytrids)? |
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Definition
| Simple, one celled organisms, some are parasitic, some are saprobic. |
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Term
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Definition
| Feeds on non-living organic matter. |
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Term
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Definition
| It is individual threads, similar to roots. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is true of all true fungi? |
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Definition
All true fungi are filamentous or unicellular
heterotrophs, most of which absorb their food in
solution through cell walls. |
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Term
| What can be found in Fungi cell walls? |
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Definition
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Term
| Most fungi are filamentous. Name some exceptions. |
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Definition
| Some chytrids and all yeasts |
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Term
| What are the most primitive fungi? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does phylum Chytridiomycota reproduce? |
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Definition
Many reproduce only asexually through the production
of zoospores within a spherical cell.
Sexual reproduction by fusion of haploid gametes |
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Term
| What phylum are black bread molds? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is true of Zygomycota Hyphae? |
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Definition
| Numerous haploid nuclei, with no cell walls between them |
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Term
| How do Zygomycota reproduce asexually? |
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Definition
| Asexually- Sporangiophores grow upright and produce sporangia at the tips, forming black spores. |
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Term
| How do Zygomycota reproduce sexually? |
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Definition
Progmentangia on hyphae of different mating strains become gametangia. These gametangia merge and multinucleate zygote when nuclei of two strains fuse in pairs.
Thick wall forms around = zygosporangium containing numerous diploid nuclei.Meiosis forms spores in sporangia on sporangiophores. I think these are made up words. |
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Term
| What is zygomycota used for? |
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Definition
Food sources
–Tempeh in Indonesia
-Fermented soybeans
Industrial uses
–Pharmaceuticals
-Manufacture of birth control pills and
anesthetics
–Pigments
-Yellow pigment for coloring margarine |
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Term
| Name a few members of phylum Ascomycota. |
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Definition
| Truffles, yeasts, powdery mildews, ergot, cordyceps |
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Term
| How are most Ascomycota mycleium produced? |
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Definition
| Hyphae partitioned into individual cylindrical cells. |
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Term
| How are most Ascomycota mycleium produced? |
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Definition
| Hyphae partitioned into individual cylindrical cells. |
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Term
| How does phylum Ascomycota reproduce asexually? |
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Definition
| Single or chains of conidia produced at the tips of hyphae called conidiophores, or budding in yeasts |
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Term
| How do Ascomycota reproduce sexually? |
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Definition
Antheridium (male) and ascogonium (female) from two hyphae connect.
•Male nuclei migrate into ascogonium where nuclei pair, but do not unite.
•Hyphae, whose cells contain one male and one female nucleus, grow from ascogonium.
•Ascoma forms, with sacs called asci (singular: ascus).
–The two nuclei in each ascus unite to form zygotes that undergo meiosis.
–Resulting cells divide by mitosis forming a row of eight ascospores in each ascus. |
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Term
| What is in phylum Basidiomycota? |
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Definition
| Mushrooms, toadstools, puffballs, shelf fungi, rusts, smuts, jelly fungi |
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Term
| What is true of Basidiomycota Hyphae? |
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Definition
| It is divided into individual cells |
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Term
| How do Basidiomycota reproduce? |
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Definition
Mostly sexual-
Hyphae of individual mating types unite and initiate a new mycelium, called dikaryotic hyphae through the process of plasmogamy, in which each cell has one nucleus from each original mating type. |
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Term
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Definition
Parasitic Basidiomycota
Grain crops
–Mycelium absorbs nutrients from host cells.
–Secrete substances that stimulate host cells to form tumors |
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Term
| What is phylum Dueteromycota? |
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Definition
Fungi for which a sexual stage has not been observed
–Grouped together in an artificial phylum
–Most commonly reproduce by conidia |
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Term
| What are some members of phylum Dueteromycota? |
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Definition
Aspergillus
-Citric acid, soy sauce, miso, artificial flavoring
-Photographic developers, dyes
-Aspergilloses (respiratory disease), athlete’s foot
-Aflotoxin (carcinogen)
Human and ecological relevance of the imperfect fungi:
Penicillium
-Antibiotics
-Gourmet cheese |
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Term
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Definition
| Consist of a fungus and an alga (or blue green bacterium) intimately associated in a spongy thallus |
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Term
| What is the realtionship between fungus and algae in lichen? |
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Definition
–Photosynthetic component supplies food.
–Fungus protects the photosynthetic organism from harmful light intensities, and absorbs and retains water and minerals.
•Three genera of green algae and one genus of cyanobacterium involved in 90% of all lichen species.
•Each lichen has own unique species of fungus, usually a sac fungus.
•Lichen species are identified according to their fungus. |
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Term
| What is the upper cortex of lichen? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the lower cortex of lichen? |
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Definition
| may or may not be present, covered with hyphae called rhizines for anchorage |
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Term
| What is the algal layer of lichen? |
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Definition
| algae cells scattered among the hyphae |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are Crustose Lichen? |
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Definition
| Attached to or embedded in substrate over entire lower surface |
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Term
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Definition
| Contain leaf-like thalli which often overlap |
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Term
| What are Fruticose Lichen? |
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Definition
| Resemble miniature upright shrubs, or hang down in festoons from branches. |
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Term
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Definition
–Exceptionally sensitive to pollution
•Sulfur dioxide
–Possible to calculate amount of sulfur dioxide present in air solely by mapping occurrence or disappearance of certain lichens.
•Nuclear radiation
–Degradation of historic structures
–Food for animals - Reindeer eat fruticose lichen.
–Food supplements
–Antibiotic properties
–Dyes |
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