Term
| Aspergillus virulence factors |
|
Definition
| Conidia adherence, elastases, touch-sensitive hyphae determine sites of weakened integrity or follow vasculature to disseminate, aflatoxin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Aspergillus unique features |
|
Definition
| Lung aspergilloma, aflatoxin intercalates into DNA |
|
|
Term
| Aspergillus portal of entry |
|
Definition
| Inhalation of microconidia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Aspergillosis (A. flavum), aspergilloma (non-invasive, encapsulated hyphal mass in lung), farmer's lung |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Generally lethal despite treatment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Blastomyces unique features |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Blastomyces geographic distribution |
|
Definition
| Southeastern US and Canada |
|
|
Term
| Blastomyces portal of entry |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Flu-like symptoms, chronic pneumonia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Amphotericin B (treatment always required) |
|
|
Term
| C. albicans virulence factors |
|
Definition
| Hwp1p (epithelial adhesion, dissemination)*, Als (epithelial/endothelial adhesion, dissemination)*, Int1p (adherence, hyphal formation)*, SAPs (proteases, dissemination), secreted phosphatases (degrade cell membranes); virulence requires budded-to-hyphal transition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Yeast, hyphae, pseudohyphae, conidia |
|
|
Term
| C. albicans unique features |
|
Definition
| Can induce phagocytosis (like Salmonella) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Amphotericin B, fluconazoles |
|
|
Term
| Coccidioides virulence factors |
|
Definition
| Agl1p (protease against elastin, collagen, and Ig), endospores |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Coccidioides unique features |
|
Definition
| Spherules (large, multinucleate cells containing hundreds of endospores), coin-shaped lesion in lung |
|
|
Term
| Coccidioides geographic distribution |
|
Definition
| Southwest US and Latin America |
|
|
Term
| Coccidioides portal of entry |
|
Definition
| Inhalation of arthroconidia |
|
|
Term
| Coccidioides presentation |
|
Definition
| Valley fever, resembles pneumonia or tuberculosis, usually self-limiting; meningitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cryptococus virulence factors |
|
Definition
| Adherence, phospholipases (degrade cell membranes), capsule (antiphagocytic) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cryptococcus unique features |
|
Definition
| Antiphagocytic capsule, intracellular survival, spores found in bird droppings |
|
|
Term
| Cryptococus portal of entry |
|
Definition
| Inhalation of spores from bird droppings, spread to CNS |
|
|
Term
| Cryptococcus presentation |
|
Definition
| Respiratory infection (primary lung lesions usually asymptomatic and self-limiting), AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Life-long amphotericin B and 5-flucytosine for AIDS-associated cryptococcal meningitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Histoplasma virulence factors |
|
Definition
| Adherence, intracellular growth; virulence requires budded-to-hyphal transition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Yeast, hyphae, micro- and macroconidia |
|
|
Term
| Histoplasma unique features |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Histoplasma geographic distribution |
|
Definition
| Eastern US, Africa, Central and South America |
|
|
Term
| Histoplasma portal of entry |
|
Definition
| Inhalation of conidia from soil contaminated with bird or bat droppings |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Respiratory infection: generally asymptomatic (95%), sometimes dry cough with blood-tinged sputum and skin lesions (5%) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pneumocystis unique features |
|
Definition
| Diagnostic for AIDS, no ergosterol, can't be grown in culture, seen as cysts in tissues |
|
|
Term
| Pneumocystis portal of entry |
|
Definition
| Inhalation of droplets containing fungus |
|
|
Term
| Pneumocystis presentation |
|
Definition
| Pneumocystis pneumonia; no pathognomonic radiographic finding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (frequently given prophylactically in immunosuppressed patients) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sporothrix schenckii morphology |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sporothrix schenckii unique features |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sporothrix schenckii geographic distribution |
|
Definition
| Midwest US, Mississippi River Valley, Latin America, Brazil |
|
|
Term
| Sporothrix schenckii presentation |
|
Definition
| Lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis (subcutaneous) |
|
|
Term
| Sporothrix schenckii treatment |
|
Definition
| Daily, increasing doses of potassium iodide; amphotericin B for relapsed and pulmonary infections |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Blastomyces and
Candida albicans and
Histoplasma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cryptococcus and
Histoplasma |
|
|
