Term
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Definition
| an organism that derives its nourishment from nonliving or decaying organic matter |
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Definition
| fungi that cause human diseases |
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Term
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Definition
| cause disease in a healthy host |
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Definition
| cause disease in a host with depressed resistance |
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Term
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Definition
| localized to the skin, hair, and nails |
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Term
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Definition
| infection confined to the dermis |
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Term
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Definition
| infection confined to the dermis, subcutaneous tissue or adjascent structures |
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Definition
| deep infections of the internal organs |
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Term
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Definition
| secondary metabolites produced by fungi that cause disease |
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Term
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Definition
| the dominant fungi membrane sterol; important antifungal drug target |
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Term
| imidazoles, triazoles, and polyenes |
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Definition
| antifungals that target ergosterol |
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Term
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Definition
| filamentous cells of molds and mushrooms; apical growth |
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Definition
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Definition
| cells with nonseptate hyphae |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| fluffy surface masses of hyphae and their hidden growth into tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| single celled fungi, round or oval shaped |
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Term
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Definition
| hyphae with sausage-like constrictions at septations (candida albicans) |
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Term
| thermally dimorphic fungi |
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Definition
| fungi capable of converting from yeast-like form to a filamentous form. Histoplasma, Blastomyces, Coccidioides, Sporothrix |
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Term
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Definition
| asexual spores of filamentous fungi (molds or mushrooms) |
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Definition
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Definition
| formed by laying down joints in hyphae followed by fragmentation of the hyphal strand |
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Term
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Definition
| nonseptate fungi. Mucor and Rhizopus |
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Term
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Definition
| filamentous fungi causing cutaneous infections: trichophyton, epidermophyton, microsporum |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| wet mount of skin scrapngs breaks down human cells, enhancing visibility of the unaffected fungus because of the chitin cell wall |
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Term
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Definition
| wet mount of CSF highlights the capsule of Cryptococcus neoformans (but misses %50 of cases) |
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Term
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Definition
| blood or bone marrow smere that may detect intracellular histoplasma capsulatum |
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Term
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Definition
| "lights up" fungal elements in exudates or sections, giving the fungus a fluorescent blue-white appearance |
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Term
| Gomori methanamine silver stain (GMS) |
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Definition
| stain where fungi are dark gray to black |
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Term
| Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) |
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Definition
| stain where fungi are hot pink to red |
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Term
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Definition
| stain where fungi are purplish rose with a yellow background |
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Term
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Definition
| antigens extracted from a fungal culture are immunodiffused against known antisera |
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Term
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Definition
| uses known antibodies to identify circulating fungal antigens in serum, CSF, or urine. Antibodies are available for Histoplasma and Cryptococcus. |
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Term
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Definition
| uses acute and convalescent sera to identify patient antibodies specific to a fungus |
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Term
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Definition
| antifungal drug that binds to ergosterol in fungal membranes, creating ion channels, leading to leakage and cell death |
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Term
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Definition
| polyene administered intravenously for life-threatening fungal infections. often in combination with fluconazole |
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Term
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Definition
| polyene that is used topically to treat Cadida overgrowth or infections of cutaneous or mucosal surfaces |
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Term
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Definition
| disrupts RNA, hence protein synthesis. 5-fluorouradylic acid competes with uracil leading to disruption of RNA |
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Term
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Definition
| antifungal drugs with two nitrogens in the azole right. Interfere with ergosterol synthesis. |
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Term
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Definition
| imidazole that can be orally administered in non-life threatening fungal infections |
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Term
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Definition
| imidazole used topically against dermatophytes and Candida |
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Term
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Definition
| antifungal drugs with three nitrogens in the azole ring. have better systemic activity than imidazoles |
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Term
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Definition
| triazole used for systemic infections, most commonly with Candida and Coccidioides |
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Term
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Definition
| triazole used for treatment of mucocutaneous Candida infections |
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Term
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Definition
| triazole with broad spectrum of activity except the noneseptate fungi (zygomucetes) |
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Term
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Definition
| triazole for treatment of zygomycetes (nonseptate fungi) |
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Term
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Definition
| antifungal drugs that inhibit glucan synthesis, thus leading to a weakened cell wall and cell lysis. includes caspofungin, micafungin, and anidalufungin. effective against Aspergillus, Candida, Pneumocystis and others |
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Term
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Definition
| terbinafine, naftifine, tolnaftate. used for dermatophytes and mucosal yeast infections |
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Term
| Histoplasma, Coccidioides, Blastomyces |
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Definition
| the three dimorphic fungal pathogens found in the US that cause pneumonias/systemic mycoses |
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Term
| Dermatophytid or ID reaction |
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Definition
| a reaction to circulating fungal antigents that indicates treatment response |
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