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Fungal/Yeast
a little too much cheese on that taco
91
Pathology
Kindergarten
07/18/2012

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Term
Invade tissues and organs
Definition
Deep fungi (yeasts, Molds, pneumocystis pneumonia)
Term
yeast, most common pathogen, worldwide distribution
Definition
Candida albicans
Term
Candidiasis in immune competent
Definition
supterficial infections
Term
Candidiasis in immune suppressed
Definition
Deep infections
Term
Macroscopic view of Candidiasis
Definition
white membrane on a red moist surface. Mycelia with filaments penetrating into underlying tissues; moderate inflammatory cell rxn
Term
Candidas of the oral cavity
Definition
thrush
Term
Candidas in the vagina causes
Definition
vaginitis in pregnant and OC's
Term
Cutaneous candidiasis occurs where
Definition
moist, intertriginous skin, nail folds, hair follicles
Term
What does candidas cause in infants
Definition
diaper rash
Term
Diagnosis of Candidas
Definition
non branching hyphae and budding yeast on Periodic Acid Schiff
Term
Round to oval yeast, divide by unequal budding, no hyphae or mycelia, worldwide distribution
Definition
Cryptococcus neoformans
Term
transmission of cryptococcus
Definition
pigeon droppings
Term
Cryptococcus in normal individuals
Definition
meningoencephalitis
Term
Cryptococcus as an opportunistic infection
Definition
no inflammatory reaction, gelatinous masses of fungi grow in meninges causing perivascular Virchow Robin spaces = soap bubble lesions
Term
Two types of Morphology lesions of Cryptocoocus
Definition
Lung- solitary pulmonary granuloma
Brain -meningitis, basal gray nuclei lesion
Term
Immune competent brain lesions
Definition
chronic granulumatous reaction composed of macrophages, lymphocytes, and giant cells
Term
Diagnosis of Cryptococcus
Definition
Fungus in sputum, latex agglutination of CSF
Term
Septate hyphae branching 45 degree angles
Definition
Aspergillus fumigatus; niger
Term
Aspergillus in healthy people
Definition
allergies (sinusitus, pneumonia)
Term
Aspergillus in compromised individuals
Definition
opportunistic infections and fungemia
Term
Allergic clinical form of Aspergillus
Definition
inhaling spores causes bronchial asthma and allergic alveolitis
Term
Colonizing form of aspergilloma
Definition
fungus ball appear in patients with pre existing TB cavities- dense round masses of proliferating tangling fungal hyphae
Term
Hyphae of aspergilloma does not invade
Definition
pulmonary parenchyma
Term
Invasive form of Aspergilloma
Definition
Primary lung lesions spread to brain, heart,and kidneys. Invade blood generating infarction and hemorrhage
Term
bread mold non septate hyphae with wide angle branching
Definition
Zygomycosis (Mucormycosis) aka phycomycosis
Term
Zygomycosis in patients with potentially fatal diseases
Definition
Nosocomial and opportunistic
Term
3 clinical forms of Zygomycosis
Definition
Subcutaneous
Rhino cerebral (meningoencephalitis/cerebral/thrombosis)
Pulmonary (vascular invasion/septic infarction)
Term
Organism usually classified as protozoan but now is a yeast
Definition
pneumocystis jirovecii
Term
Transmission of jirovecii
Definition
Inhalation
Term
jirovecii in healthy people
Definition
asymptomatic
Term
jirovecii in neonates, malnourished children, or immune suppressed
Definition
Fever, progressive dyspnea
Term
ALveoli filled with cell debris, parasites and inflammatory exudate
Definition
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
Term
Silver stain of trans-tracheal aspiration, trans bronchial lung biopsy
Definition
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
Term
Transmission of Malaria
Definition
Two successive bites of Anopheles mosquitoes.
Term
Malaria form with highest mortality rate
Definition
P. falciparum
Term
Form of Malaria inoculated by the mosquito bite
Definition
sporozoites
Term
Merozoites of Malaria infect what
Definition
RBC's
Term
(Malaria) Parasites undergo division in liver cells forming
Definition
merozoites
Term
Life span of Malaria in RBC
Definition
Merozoites (hydrolize hemoglobin)-trophozoites-shizonts-new merozoites which lyse cell and infect other RBCs
Term
Moniliasis is also known as
Definition
Candida Albicans
Term
antibiotics, steroids, diabetes, malnutrition, pregnancy, hematological malignancies, and AIDS predispose to
Definition
Candida Albicans
Term
Pneumonia from this consists of bilateral nodular infiltrates
Definition
Candida Albicans
Term
Can infect: renal, mycodardium (abcess + endocarditis), brain (meningitis + microabcess), eye (endophtalmitis), or lung (pneumonia)
Definition
Candida Albicans
Term
Causes meningoencephalitis in normal individuals (immunocompetant)
Definition
Cryptococcus neoformans
Term
In addition to meiningitis, and encephalitis can cause BASAL GRAY NUCLEI lesions
Definition
Cryptococcus neoformans
Term
Causes granulomatous arteritis in Immune competant

No granulomas in immune supressed but they grow in meninges or enchepalitis
Definition
Cryptococcus neoformans
Term
perivasdcular Virchow-Robin spaces are associated with...
Definition
Cryptococcus neoformans
Term
Invasive form of Aspergillus starts with a *primary lesion in lung* then spreads to...
Definition
heart, brain kidneys
Term
Phycomycosis is also known as Zygomycosis or
Definition
Mucormycosis
Term
The pulmonary form of this disease is found in NEUTROPENIC patients
presents w/ VASCULAR INVASION/SEPTIC INFARCTION
Definition
Mucormycosis
Term
Requires Duffy antigen to invade RBCs
Definition
Plasmodium vivax
Term
intravascular hemolysis generating jaundice, hemoglobinuria, and acute renal failure
Definition
Black Water Fever (Plasmodium falciparium)
Term
Is found lining blood vessels in brain and retinal arteries
Definition
Plasmodium falciparum
Term
Seal ring cells are indicative of
Definition
Trophozoites (Malaria)
Term
Sand fly bite transmits
Definition
Lesmaniasis
Term
Old world sand fly
Definition
Phlebotomus paptacii
Term
New world sand fly
Definition
Lutzomia longipalpis
Term
Rodents and sloths are reservoir for
Definition
Leshmania braziliensis
Term
humans, dogs, jackals, foxes reservoir for
Definition
Lesmania donovani
Term
few or no symptoms at beginning
then severe systemic disease:
hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, bone marrow supression, fever, hyperpigmentation of extremities
Definition
Lesmaniasis
Term
Pancytopenia from bone marrow suppression may bring about death from thrombocytopenia and predisposision to secondary infections
Definition
Lesmaniasis
Term
Spleen might weigh 3 kg, lymph nodes 5 cm in diameter
Definition
Lesmaniasis
Term
Macrophages loaded with parasites in lymph nodes
Definition
Leshmaniasis
Term
Vector: tsetse fly
reservoir: ONLY HUMANS
Definition
African Trypanosomiasis
Term
strats in blood and lymph
disseminates in bone marrow
invades CNS
Definition
African Trypanosomiasis
Term
Acute disease of Sleeping sickness caused by
Definition
Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
Term
Chronic disease of Sleeping sickness caused by
Definition
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
Term
Demonstration of this is found in blood or CNS
Definition
AFrican Trypanosomiasis
Term
Chagas disease is caused by
Definition
Trypanosoma cruzi
Term
zoonotic disease is endemic in rats, cats, dogs, armadillos
Definition
American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas Disease)
Term
VEctor: reduviid bug
Definition
American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas Disease)
Term
Unilateral palpebral edema, known as Romanas sign is seen in
Definition
American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas Disease)
Term
destruction of conductive system and myocytes - chronic myocarditis
complete heart blocks
ventricular aneurysms
Definition
American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas Disease)
Term
Most important cause of death from heart disease in some Latin American countries
Definition
American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas Disease)
Term
ingestiion of oocysts causes this disease
cats are the host
chicks sheep pigs are intermediate hosts
Definition
Toxoplasma gondii
Term
can penetrate any type of cell (heart, brain) and multiply
Definition
Toxoplasma gondii
Term
Toxoplasmosis in immune competent adults:
Definition
*lymphadenopathy* (upper cervical), fever malaise ->*chorio-retinitis*
Term
Toxoplasmosis in immune suppressed individuals, fetuses, babies
Definition
serious disease. *Reactivation of latent infections* in immune suppressed -> pneumonia, encephalitis
Term
Toxoplasmosis in non immune pregnant mother
Definition
abortion, stillbirth, or live child with encephalomyelitis or chorio retinitis
Term
Three forms:
1) Lymphadenopathy syndrome
2) Devestating form (immune compromised0
3) Congential
Definition
Toxoplasma gondii
Term
Necrotizing encephalitis
Chorioretinitis are symptoms of congenital infection by
Definition
Toxoplasma gondii
Term
dog tapeworm, causes hyatid cysts
Definition
Echinococcus granulosus
Term
cystic larvae can be found in any part of body, eye, mm, brain cysticercosis
Definition
Taneia saginata
Term
causes Trichinosis
Definition
Trichinella spiralis
Term
coiled larvae surrounded by *vacuoles within nurse cells *
Definition
Trichinella spiralis
Term
symptoms: periorbital edema, vasculitis [splinter hemorrhages], diarrhea, myositis [musular pain and tenderness], eosinophilia [up to 88 percent]
Definition
Trichinella spiralis
Term
Deposits eggs in bladder
Definition
Shistosoma haematobium
Term
Deposits eggs in colon and liver
Definition
S. mansoni, S. japonicum
Term
causes granulatomous formation in colon, liver, or bladder depending on strain
Definition
Schistosoma species
Term
Qucheria bancrofti and Brugia malayi cause
Definition
Filariasis
Term
Adult worms in habit lymphatics, epididimis, and testis causing
GRANULATOMOUS REACTION
Definition
Filariasis
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