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Fundies Unit 1
Objectives and Terminology for Unit 1
94
Nursing
Not Applicable
01/15/2012
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Term
Afebrile
 Definition
Without fever.
Term
Antipyretics
 Definition
Drugs that reduce fever.
Term
Auscultatory gap
 Definition
The temporary disapearance of sound that occurs between the first and second korotkoff sounds. 
Term
Basal metabolic rate (BMR)
 Definition
The heat produced by the body at absolute rest.
Term
Blood pressure
 Definition
The force exerted on the walls of an artery by the pulsing blood under pressure from the heart.
Term
Bradycardia
 Definition
An abnormally slow heart rate. Below 60 beats per min in adults.
Term
Cardiac output
 Definition
The Volume of blood pumped by the heart during 1 minute.
Term
Celsius
 Definition
Having the international thermometric scale where the boiling point of water is 100 degrees.
Term
Conduction
 Definition
The transfer of heat from one object to another with direct contact.
Term
Convection
 Definition
The transfer of heat away by air movement.
Term
Core temperature
 Definition
The temperature of the deep tissues.
Term
Diaphoresis
 Definition
Visible perspiration primarily occuring on the forehead and upper thorax.
Term
Diastolic Pressure
 Definition
The minimal pressure exerted against the arterial walls at all times.
Term
Diffusion
 Definition
The movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and the red blood cells.
Term
Dysrhythmia
 Definition
An interval interupted by an early, late or missed beat. An abnormal rhythm
Term
Eupnea
 Definition

The normal rate and depth of ventilation.

Normal respiration.
Term
Evaporation
 Definition
The transfer of heat energy when a liquid is changed to a gas.
Term
Fahrenheit
 Definition
Relating to a thermometric scale where at normal atmospheric pressure the boiling point of water is 212 degrees above zero and the freezing point is at 32 degrees above zero.
Term
Febrile
 Definition
Feverish.
Term
Fever
 Definition
Abnormal rise in body temperature that occurs because heat loss mechanisms are unable to keep pace with excess heat production. 
Term
Fever of unknown origin (FUO)
 Definition
Fever whose etiology (cause) cannot be determined.
Term
Frostbite
 Definition
Condition occuring when the body is exposed to subnormal temperatures.
Term
Heat exhaustion
 Definition
Condition occuring when profuse diaphoresis results in excess water and electrolyte loss. Caused by environmental heat exposure.
Term
Heatstroke
 Definition
A dangerous heat emergency with a high mortality rate. Caused by prolonged exposure to high temperature.
Term
Hemataocrit
 Definition
Percentage of red blood cells in the blood.
Term
Hypertension
 Definition
Abnormally high blood pressure and especially arterial blood pressure.
Term
Hyperthermia
 Definition
Elevated temperature related to the body's inability to promote heat loss or reduce heat production.
Term
Hypotension
 Definition
abnormally low blood pressure.
Term
Hypothalamus
 Definition
Part of the brain located between the cerebral hemispheres that controls the body temperature.
Term
Hypothermia
 Definition
Subnormal temperature of the body caused by prolonged exposure to cold.
Term
Hypoxemia
 Definition
Low levels of arterial oxygen.
Term
Malignant hyperthermia
 Definition
Hereditary condition of uncontrolled heat production that occurs when suseptible persons receive certain anesthetic drugs.
Term
Nonshivering thermogenesis
 Definition
Unable to shiver to keep warm. Occurs primarily in neonates.
Term
Orthostatic hypotension
 Definition
Developement of low blood presser that occurs when a normotensive person rises to an upright position. 
Term
Perfusion
 Definition
The distribution of red blood cells to and from the pulmonary capillaries.
Term
Postural hypotension
 Definition
Developement of low blood pressure by a normotensive person when they rise to a upright position. aka orthostatic hypotension.
Term
Pulse deficit
 Definition
A failed pulse wave to peripheral pulse sites caused by an inefficient contraction of the heart.
Term
Pulse pressure
 Definition
The difference between systolic and diastolic pressure.
Term
Pyrexia
 Definition
Fever. Abnormal elevation of body temperature.
Term
Pyrogens
 Definition
Fever-producing substances like bacteria and viruses.
Term
Radial Pulse
 Definition
Pulse found on the wrist in the crevace nearest the thumb.
Term
Radiation
 Definition
The transfer of heat from the surface of one object to the surface of another without direct contact between the two.
Term
Shivering
 Definition
An involuntary body response to temperature diffences in the body.
Term
Sphygmomanometer
 Definition
An instrument for measuring blood pressure and especially arterial blood pressure.
Term
Systolic pressure
 Definition
The peak of maximum pressure when ejection occurs.
Term
Tachycardia
 Definition
Abnormally elevated heart rate.
Term
Thermoregulation
 Definition
The maintenance or regulation of body temperature.
Term
Ventilation
 Definition
The movement of gases in and out of the lungs.
Term
Vital signs
 Definition
Measurements of temperature, pulse, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation. Vital signs are taken as indicators of health.
Term
What is the acceptable range for respirations in an adult?
 Definition
12 to 20 breaths per minute.
Term
What is the acceptible range for an adults pulse rate?
 Definition
60 to 100 beats per minute.
Term
What is the acceptable temperature range for adults?
 Definition

36-38 degrees C

96.8-100.4 degrees F
Term
What is an adults acceptible range for blood pressure?
 Definition
<120/80
Term
Name the 7 factors affecting body temperature.
 Definition

1. Age

2.Exercise

3. Hormone level

4. Circadian rhythm

5. Stress

6. Environment

7. Temperature alteration
Term
Name 5 things you can do to care for a client with an increased temperature.
 Definition

Should have 5 of the 10 below:

1. Obtain blood cultures

2. Remove excess clothing

3. Provide for rest

4. Keep bed dry

5. O2

6. Provide fluids and food

7. Oral hygiene

8. Enviromental temperature

9. Onset and duration of episodes

10. Initiate health teaching
Term
Activities of daily living (ADL's)
 Definition
Normal activities performed on a daily basis by a person.
Term
Activity tolerance
 Definition
The kind or amount of exercise or activity that the person is able to perform.
Term
Antagnostic muscles
 Definition
The muscle that relaxes during muscle movement.
Term

What should you do if a glass thermometer breaks?

 

 Definition
  • Dont touch
  • Evacuate client
  • Change clothes
  • Notify Enviromental Services
  • Complete occurance repost
Term
What should you do if a radial or other distal pulse is irregular?
 Definition
You should take an apical pulse for 1 minute to obtain an accurate pulse rate.
Term

What pulse rate is considered bradycardia?

 

 Definition
Under 60 BMP
Term
What pulse rate is considered tachycardia?
 Definition
Above 100 BPM
Term
When assessing a clients respirations what are the 4 things you are looking for?
 Definition
  1. Color
  2. Chest movement
  3. Character of respirations
  4. Arterial blood gases (ABG's)
Term
Contractures
 Definition
A permanent shortening (as of muscle, tendon, or scar tissue) poducing deformity or distortion.
Term
Body mechanics
 Definition
Ergonomic standards to prevent musculoskeletal injuries in the workplace.
Term
Decalcification
 Definition
The removal or loss of calcium or calcium compounds.
Term
Decubitus
 Definition

A reclining position (as in bed).

 

A decubitus ulcer is a bedsore.
Term
Apical
 Definition
Situated at the apex (of the heart).
Term
Deep vein thrombosis
 Definition
Formation of a blood clot (thrombus) in a deep vein.  
Term
Auxiliary
 Definition
 
Providing supplementary or additional help and support.
Term
Active ROM
 Definition
Active range of motion is when patient performs the exercise to move the joint without any assistance to the muscles surrounding the joint.
Term
Footdrop
 Definition
Inability to dorsiflex and invert foot because of peroneal nerve damage.
Term
Fowlers
 Definition
Head of bed raised to 45 degrees or more. A semi-sitting position.
Term
Gait
 Definition
The manner or style of walking, including rhythm, cadence, and speed.
Term
Passive ROM
 Definition
Passive range of motion is when a nurse moves the joint through the range of motion with no effort from the patient.
Term
Pre-hypertensive
 Definition
When a persons blood pressure is elevated but not at a level high enough to be considered hypertension.
Term
Prone
 Definition
Laying in a flat position facing downward.
Term
Rectal
 Definition
Relating to, being near, or affecting the rectum.
Term
Reverse trendelenburg
 Definition
Position where the body is laid flat with the head tilted higher than the feet. 
Term
Rigidity
 Definition
Stiffness.
Term
Sims
 Definition
When a patient lies on their left side, left hip and lower extremity straight, and right hip and knee bent.
Term
Supine
 Definition
When a patient lies flat facing upward.
Term
Tachypnea
 Definition
Abnormally rapid breathing. Above 20 breaths per minute.
Term
Trendelenburg
 Definition
When a patient lies flat and the feet are tilted higher than their head.
Term
Trochanter roll
 Definition
A folded and rolled bath blanket that prevents external rotation of the hips when the client is in a supine position.
Term
Tympanic
 Definition
Relating to a drum, the middle ear.
Term

What are 5 causes of orthostatic hypotension?

 

 Definition
  1. Dehydration
  2. Anemia
  3. Prolonged bed rest
  4. Recent blood loss
  5. Some medications
Term
Name 5 of the 7 risk factors for hypertension.
 Definition
  1. Family history
  2. Obesity
  3. Cigarette smoking
  4. Heavy alcohol consumption
  5. High sodium intake
  6. Sedentary lifestyle
  7. Chronic stress
Term
Describe what happens during a fever.
 Definition
  • Pyrogen enters the body
  • The hypothalamus reacts by raising the hypothalmic set point.
  • The body responds by producing and conserving heat. Several hours pass before the new set point is reached and the person has the chills, shivers, and feels cold. This is the chill phase and it ends when the new set point, a higher temp is reached.
  • The next phase, the plateau, the chills subside and the person feels warm and dry.
  • If the new set point is "overshot" or the pyrogens are removed then the third phase occurs.
  • The hypothalmic set point drops, initiating heat loss responses. The skin becomes warm and flush because of vasodilation. Diaphoresis (sweating) assists in evaporative heat loss.
  • When the fever breaks the person becomes afebrile.
Term
Why is personal hygiene important for a client?
 Definition
Because it promotes comfort, safety and well being.
Term
Describe factors that influence personal hygiene practice.
 Definition
  • Social practices
  • Family Customs and peer group behavior
  • Personal preference
  • Individual desires, practices, and products used
  • Body image
  • General appearance reflects importance of hygiene
  • Socioeconomic status
  • Economic resources can effect practices
  • Health benefits & motivation
  • Knowledge
  • Cultural variables
  • Some cultures bath daily, others weekly. Shower or bath.
  • Lack of energy
  • Physical condition
  • Limitations or disabilities
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